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apparmorfs.c

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linux-6.19.14/security/apparmor/apparmorfs.c C
   1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
   2/*
   3 * AppArmor security module
   4 *
   5 * This file contains AppArmor /sys/kernel/security/apparmor interface functions
   6 *
   7 * Copyright (C) 1998-2008 Novell/SUSE
   8 * Copyright 2009-2010 Canonical Ltd.
   9 */
  10
  11#include <linux/ctype.h>
  12#include <linux/security.h>
  13#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
  14#include <linux/init.h>
  15#include <linux/seq_file.h>
  16#include <linux/uaccess.h>
  17#include <linux/mount.h>
  18#include <linux/namei.h>
  19#include <linux/capability.h>
  20#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
  21#include <linux/fs.h>
  22#include <linux/fs_context.h>
  23#include <linux/poll.h>
  24#include <linux/zstd.h>
  25#include <uapi/linux/major.h>
  26#include <uapi/linux/magic.h>
  27
  28#include "include/apparmor.h"
  29#include "include/apparmorfs.h"
  30#include "include/audit.h"
  31#include "include/cred.h"
  32#include "include/crypto.h"
  33#include "include/ipc.h"
  34#include "include/label.h"
  35#include "include/lib.h"
  36#include "include/policy.h"
  37#include "include/policy_ns.h"
  38#include "include/resource.h"
  39#include "include/policy_unpack.h"
  40#include "include/task.h"
  41
  42/*
  43 * The apparmor filesystem interface used for policy load and introspection
  44 * The interface is split into two main components based on their function
  45 * a securityfs component:
  46 *   used for static files that are always available, and which allows
  47 *   userspace to specify the location of the security filesystem.
  48 *
  49 *   fns and data are prefixed with
  50 *      aa_sfs_
  51 *
  52 * an apparmorfs component:
  53 *   used loaded policy content and introspection. It is not part of  a
  54 *   regular mounted filesystem and is available only through the magic
  55 *   policy symlink in the root of the securityfs apparmor/ directory.
  56 *   Tasks queries will be magically redirected to the correct portion
  57 *   of the policy tree based on their confinement.
  58 *
  59 *   fns and data are prefixed with
  60 *      aafs_
  61 *
  62 * The aa_fs_ prefix is used to indicate the fn is used by both the
  63 * securityfs and apparmorfs filesystems.
  64 */
  65
  66#define IREF_POISON 101
  67
  68/*
  69 * support fns
  70 */
  71
  72struct rawdata_f_data {
  73	struct aa_loaddata *loaddata;
  74};
  75
  76#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR_EXPORT_BINARY
  77#define RAWDATA_F_DATA_BUF(p) (char *)(p + 1)
  78
  79static void rawdata_f_data_free(struct rawdata_f_data *private)
  80{
  81	if (!private)
  82		return;
  83
  84	aa_put_i_loaddata(private->loaddata);
  85	kvfree(private);
  86}
  87
  88static struct rawdata_f_data *rawdata_f_data_alloc(size_t size)
  89{
  90	struct rawdata_f_data *ret;
  91
  92	if (size > SIZE_MAX - sizeof(*ret))
  93		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
  94
  95	ret = kvzalloc(sizeof(*ret) + size, GFP_KERNEL);
  96	if (!ret)
  97		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
  98
  99	return ret;
 100}
 101#endif
 102
 103/**
 104 * mangle_name - mangle a profile name to std profile layout form
 105 * @name: profile name to mangle  (NOT NULL)
 106 * @target: buffer to store mangled name, same length as @name (MAYBE NULL)
 107 *
 108 * Returns: length of mangled name
 109 */
 110static int mangle_name(const char *name, char *target)
 111{
 112	char *t = target;
 113
 114	while (*name == '/' || *name == '.')
 115		name++;
 116
 117	if (target) {
 118		for (; *name; name++) {
 119			if (*name == '/')
 120				*(t)++ = '.';
 121			else if (isspace(*name))
 122				*(t)++ = '_';
 123			else if (isalnum(*name) || strchr("._-", *name))
 124				*(t)++ = *name;
 125		}
 126
 127		*t = 0;
 128	} else {
 129		int len = 0;
 130		for (; *name; name++) {
 131			if (isalnum(*name) || isspace(*name) ||
 132			    strchr("/._-", *name))
 133				len++;
 134		}
 135
 136		return len;
 137	}
 138
 139	return t - target;
 140}
 141
 142
 143/*
 144 * aafs - core fns and data for the policy tree
 145 */
 146
 147#define AAFS_NAME		"apparmorfs"
 148static struct vfsmount *aafs_mnt;
 149static int aafs_count;
 150
 151
 152static int aafs_show_path(struct seq_file *seq, struct dentry *dentry)
 153{
 154	seq_printf(seq, "%s:[%lu]", AAFS_NAME, d_inode(dentry)->i_ino);
 155	return 0;
 156}
 157
 158static struct aa_ns *get_ns_common_ref(struct aa_common_ref *ref)
 159{
 160	if (ref) {
 161		struct aa_label *reflabel = container_of(ref, struct aa_label,
 162							 count);
 163		return aa_get_ns(labels_ns(reflabel));
 164	}
 165
 166	return NULL;
 167}
 168
 169static struct aa_proxy *get_proxy_common_ref(struct aa_common_ref *ref)
 170{
 171	if (ref)
 172		return aa_get_proxy(container_of(ref, struct aa_proxy, count));
 173
 174	return NULL;
 175}
 176
 177static struct aa_loaddata *get_loaddata_common_ref(struct aa_common_ref *ref)
 178{
 179	if (ref)
 180		return aa_get_i_loaddata(container_of(ref, struct aa_loaddata,
 181						      count));
 182	return NULL;
 183}
 184
 185static void aa_put_common_ref(struct aa_common_ref *ref)
 186{
 187	if (!ref)
 188		return;
 189
 190	switch (ref->reftype) {
 191	case REF_RAWDATA:
 192		aa_put_i_loaddata(container_of(ref, struct aa_loaddata,
 193					       count));
 194		break;
 195	case REF_PROXY:
 196		aa_put_proxy(container_of(ref, struct aa_proxy,
 197					  count));
 198		break;
 199	case REF_NS:
 200		/* ns count is held on its unconfined label */
 201		aa_put_ns(labels_ns(container_of(ref, struct aa_label, count)));
 202		break;
 203	default:
 204		AA_BUG(true, "unknown refcount type");
 205		break;
 206	}
 207}
 208
 209static void aa_get_common_ref(struct aa_common_ref *ref)
 210{
 211	kref_get(&ref->count);
 212}
 213
 214static void aafs_evict(struct inode *inode)
 215{
 216	struct aa_common_ref *ref = inode->i_private;
 217
 218	clear_inode(inode);
 219	aa_put_common_ref(ref);
 220	inode->i_private = (void *) IREF_POISON;
 221}
 222
 223static void aafs_free_inode(struct inode *inode)
 224{
 225	if (S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode))
 226		kfree(inode->i_link);
 227	free_inode_nonrcu(inode);
 228}
 229
 230static const struct super_operations aafs_super_ops = {
 231	.statfs = simple_statfs,
 232	.evict_inode = aafs_evict,
 233	.free_inode = aafs_free_inode,
 234	.show_path = aafs_show_path,
 235};
 236
 237static int apparmorfs_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, struct fs_context *fc)
 238{
 239	static struct tree_descr files[] = { {""} };
 240	int error;
 241
 242	error = simple_fill_super(sb, AAFS_MAGIC, files);
 243	if (error)
 244		return error;
 245	sb->s_op = &aafs_super_ops;
 246
 247	return 0;
 248}
 249
 250static int apparmorfs_get_tree(struct fs_context *fc)
 251{
 252	return get_tree_single(fc, apparmorfs_fill_super);
 253}
 254
 255static const struct fs_context_operations apparmorfs_context_ops = {
 256	.get_tree	= apparmorfs_get_tree,
 257};
 258
 259static int apparmorfs_init_fs_context(struct fs_context *fc)
 260{
 261	fc->ops = &apparmorfs_context_ops;
 262	return 0;
 263}
 264
 265static struct file_system_type aafs_ops = {
 266	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
 267	.name = AAFS_NAME,
 268	.init_fs_context = apparmorfs_init_fs_context,
 269	.kill_sb = kill_anon_super,
 270};
 271
 272/**
 273 * __aafs_setup_d_inode - basic inode setup for apparmorfs
 274 * @dir: parent directory for the dentry
 275 * @dentry: dentry we are setting the inode up for
 276 * @mode: permissions the file should have
 277 * @data: data to store on inode.i_private, available in open()
 278 * @link: if symlink, symlink target string
 279 * @fops: struct file_operations that should be used
 280 * @iops: struct of inode_operations that should be used
 281 */
 282static int __aafs_setup_d_inode(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
 283			       umode_t mode, void *data, char *link,
 284			       const struct file_operations *fops,
 285			       const struct inode_operations *iops)
 286{
 287	struct inode *inode = new_inode(dir->i_sb);
 288
 289	AA_BUG(!dir);
 290	AA_BUG(!dentry);
 291
 292	if (!inode)
 293		return -ENOMEM;
 294
 295	inode->i_ino = get_next_ino();
 296	inode->i_mode = mode;
 297	simple_inode_init_ts(inode);
 298	inode->i_private = data;
 299	if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
 300		inode->i_op = iops ? iops : &simple_dir_inode_operations;
 301		inode->i_fop = &simple_dir_operations;
 302		inc_nlink(inode);
 303		inc_nlink(dir);
 304	} else if (S_ISLNK(mode)) {
 305		inode->i_op = iops ? iops : &simple_symlink_inode_operations;
 306		inode->i_link = link;
 307	} else {
 308		inode->i_fop = fops;
 309	}
 310	d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
 311	dget(dentry);
 312
 313	return 0;
 314}
 315
 316/**
 317 * aafs_create - create a dentry in the apparmorfs filesystem
 318 *
 319 * @name: name of dentry to create
 320 * @mode: permissions the file should have
 321 * @parent: parent directory for this dentry
 322 * @data: data to store on inode.i_private, available in open()
 323 * @link: if symlink, symlink target string
 324 * @fops: struct file_operations that should be used for
 325 * @iops: struct of inode_operations that should be used
 326 *
 327 * This is the basic "create a xxx" function for apparmorfs.
 328 *
 329 * Returns a pointer to a dentry if it succeeds, that must be free with
 330 * aafs_remove(). Will return ERR_PTR on failure.
 331 */
 332static struct dentry *aafs_create(const char *name, umode_t mode,
 333				  struct dentry *parent,
 334				  struct aa_common_ref *data, void *link,
 335				  const struct file_operations *fops,
 336				  const struct inode_operations *iops)
 337{
 338	struct dentry *dentry;
 339	struct inode *dir;
 340	int error;
 341
 342	AA_BUG(!name);
 343	AA_BUG(!parent);
 344
 345	if (!(mode & S_IFMT))
 346		mode = (mode & S_IALLUGO) | S_IFREG;
 347
 348	error = simple_pin_fs(&aafs_ops, &aafs_mnt, &aafs_count);
 349	if (error)
 350		return ERR_PTR(error);
 351
 352	dir = d_inode(parent);
 353
 354	inode_lock(dir);
 355	dentry = lookup_noperm(&QSTR(name), parent);
 356	if (IS_ERR(dentry)) {
 357		error = PTR_ERR(dentry);
 358		goto fail_lock;
 359	}
 360
 361	if (d_really_is_positive(dentry)) {
 362		error = -EEXIST;
 363		goto fail_dentry;
 364	}
 365
 366	error = __aafs_setup_d_inode(dir, dentry, mode, data, link, fops, iops);
 367	if (error)
 368		goto fail_dentry;
 369	inode_unlock(dir);
 370
 371	if (data)
 372		aa_get_common_ref(data);
 373
 374	return dentry;
 375
 376fail_dentry:
 377	dput(dentry);
 378
 379fail_lock:
 380	inode_unlock(dir);
 381	simple_release_fs(&aafs_mnt, &aafs_count);
 382
 383	return ERR_PTR(error);
 384}
 385
 386/**
 387 * aafs_create_file - create a file in the apparmorfs filesystem
 388 *
 389 * @name: name of dentry to create
 390 * @mode: permissions the file should have
 391 * @parent: parent directory for this dentry
 392 * @data: data to store on inode.i_private, available in open()
 393 * @fops: struct file_operations that should be used for
 394 *
 395 * see aafs_create
 396 */
 397static struct dentry *aafs_create_file(const char *name, umode_t mode,
 398				       struct dentry *parent,
 399				       struct aa_common_ref *data,
 400				       const struct file_operations *fops)
 401{
 402	return aafs_create(name, mode, parent, data, NULL, fops, NULL);
 403}
 404
 405/**
 406 * aafs_create_dir - create a directory in the apparmorfs filesystem
 407 *
 408 * @name: name of dentry to create
 409 * @parent: parent directory for this dentry
 410 *
 411 * see aafs_create
 412 */
 413static struct dentry *aafs_create_dir(const char *name, struct dentry *parent)
 414{
 415	return aafs_create(name, S_IFDIR | 0755, parent, NULL, NULL, NULL,
 416			   NULL);
 417}
 418
 419/**
 420 * aafs_remove - removes a file or directory from the apparmorfs filesystem
 421 *
 422 * @dentry: dentry of the file/directory/symlink to removed.
 423 */
 424static void aafs_remove(struct dentry *dentry)
 425{
 426	struct inode *dir;
 427
 428	if (!dentry || IS_ERR(dentry))
 429		return;
 430
 431	/* ->d_parent is stable as rename is not supported */
 432	dir = d_inode(dentry->d_parent);
 433	dentry = start_removing_dentry(dentry->d_parent, dentry);
 434	if (!IS_ERR(dentry) && simple_positive(dentry)) {
 435		if (d_is_dir(dentry)) {
 436			if (!WARN_ON(!simple_empty(dentry))) {
 437				__simple_rmdir(dir, dentry);
 438				dput(dentry);
 439			}
 440		} else {
 441			__simple_unlink(dir, dentry);
 442			dput(dentry);
 443		}
 444		d_delete(dentry);
 445	}
 446	end_removing(dentry);
 447	simple_release_fs(&aafs_mnt, &aafs_count);
 448}
 449
 450
 451/*
 452 * aa_fs - policy load/replace/remove
 453 */
 454
 455/**
 456 * aa_simple_write_to_buffer - common routine for getting policy from user
 457 * @userbuf: user buffer to copy data from  (NOT NULL)
 458 * @alloc_size: size of user buffer (REQUIRES: @alloc_size >= @copy_size)
 459 * @copy_size: size of data to copy from user buffer
 460 * @pos: position write is at in the file (NOT NULL)
 461 *
 462 * Returns: kernel buffer containing copy of user buffer data or an
 463 *          ERR_PTR on failure.
 464 */
 465static struct aa_loaddata *aa_simple_write_to_buffer(const char __user *userbuf,
 466						     size_t alloc_size,
 467						     size_t copy_size,
 468						     loff_t *pos)
 469{
 470	struct aa_loaddata *data;
 471
 472	AA_BUG(copy_size > alloc_size);
 473
 474	if (*pos != 0)
 475		/* only writes from pos 0, that is complete writes */
 476		return ERR_PTR(-ESPIPE);
 477
 478	/* freed by caller to simple_write_to_buffer */
 479	data = aa_loaddata_alloc(alloc_size);
 480	if (IS_ERR(data))
 481		return data;
 482
 483	data->size = copy_size;
 484	if (copy_from_user(data->data, userbuf, copy_size)) {
 485		/* trigger free - don't need to put pcount */
 486		aa_put_i_loaddata(data);
 487		return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
 488	}
 489
 490	return data;
 491}
 492
 493static ssize_t policy_update(u32 mask, const char __user *buf, size_t size,
 494			     loff_t *pos, struct aa_ns *ns,
 495			     const struct cred *ocred)
 496{
 497	struct aa_loaddata *data;
 498	struct aa_label *label;
 499	ssize_t error;
 500
 501	label = begin_current_label_crit_section();
 502
 503	/* high level check about policy management - fine grained in
 504	 * below after unpack
 505	 */
 506	error = aa_may_manage_policy(current_cred(), label, ns, ocred, mask);
 507	if (error)
 508		goto end_section;
 509
 510	data = aa_simple_write_to_buffer(buf, size, size, pos);
 511	error = PTR_ERR(data);
 512	if (!IS_ERR(data)) {
 513		error = aa_replace_profiles(ns, label, mask, data);
 514		/* put pcount, which will put count and free if no
 515		 * profiles referencing it.
 516		 */
 517		aa_put_profile_loaddata(data);
 518	}
 519end_section:
 520	end_current_label_crit_section(label);
 521
 522	return error;
 523}
 524
 525/* .load file hook fn to load policy */
 526static ssize_t profile_load(struct file *f, const char __user *buf, size_t size,
 527			    loff_t *pos)
 528{
 529	struct aa_ns *ns = get_ns_common_ref(f->f_inode->i_private);
 530	int error = policy_update(AA_MAY_LOAD_POLICY, buf, size, pos, ns,
 531				  f->f_cred);
 532
 533	aa_put_ns(ns);
 534
 535	return error;
 536}
 537
 538static const struct file_operations aa_fs_profile_load = {
 539	.write = profile_load,
 540	.llseek = default_llseek,
 541};
 542
 543/* .replace file hook fn to load and/or replace policy */
 544static ssize_t profile_replace(struct file *f, const char __user *buf,
 545			       size_t size, loff_t *pos)
 546{
 547	struct aa_ns *ns = get_ns_common_ref(f->f_inode->i_private);
 548	int error = policy_update(AA_MAY_LOAD_POLICY | AA_MAY_REPLACE_POLICY,
 549				  buf, size, pos, ns, f->f_cred);
 550	aa_put_ns(ns);
 551
 552	return error;
 553}
 554
 555static const struct file_operations aa_fs_profile_replace = {
 556	.write = profile_replace,
 557	.llseek = default_llseek,
 558};
 559
 560/* .remove file hook fn to remove loaded policy */
 561static ssize_t profile_remove(struct file *f, const char __user *buf,
 562			      size_t size, loff_t *pos)
 563{
 564	struct aa_loaddata *data;
 565	struct aa_label *label;
 566	ssize_t error;
 567	struct aa_ns *ns = get_ns_common_ref(f->f_inode->i_private);
 568
 569	label = begin_current_label_crit_section();
 570	/* high level check about policy management - fine grained in
 571	 * below after unpack
 572	 */
 573	error = aa_may_manage_policy(current_cred(), label, ns,
 574				     f->f_cred, AA_MAY_REMOVE_POLICY);
 575	if (error)
 576		goto out;
 577
 578	/*
 579	 * aa_remove_profile needs a null terminated string so 1 extra
 580	 * byte is allocated and the copied data is null terminated.
 581	 */
 582	data = aa_simple_write_to_buffer(buf, size + 1, size, pos);
 583
 584	error = PTR_ERR(data);
 585	if (!IS_ERR(data)) {
 586		data->data[size] = 0;
 587		error = aa_remove_profiles(ns, label, data->data, size);
 588		aa_put_profile_loaddata(data);
 589	}
 590 out:
 591	end_current_label_crit_section(label);
 592	aa_put_ns(ns);
 593	return error;
 594}
 595
 596static const struct file_operations aa_fs_profile_remove = {
 597	.write = profile_remove,
 598	.llseek = default_llseek,
 599};
 600
 601struct aa_revision {
 602	struct aa_ns *ns;
 603	long last_read;
 604};
 605
 606/* revision file hook fn for policy loads */
 607static int ns_revision_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 608{
 609	struct aa_revision *rev = file->private_data;
 610
 611	if (rev) {
 612		aa_put_ns(rev->ns);
 613		kfree(rev);
 614	}
 615
 616	return 0;
 617}
 618
 619static ssize_t ns_revision_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 620				size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
 621{
 622	struct aa_revision *rev = file->private_data;
 623	char buffer[32];
 624	long last_read;
 625	int avail;
 626
 627	mutex_lock_nested(&rev->ns->lock, rev->ns->level);
 628	last_read = rev->last_read;
 629	if (last_read == rev->ns->revision) {
 630		mutex_unlock(&rev->ns->lock);
 631		if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
 632			return -EAGAIN;
 633		if (wait_event_interruptible(rev->ns->wait,
 634					     last_read !=
 635					     READ_ONCE(rev->ns->revision)))
 636			return -ERESTARTSYS;
 637		mutex_lock_nested(&rev->ns->lock, rev->ns->level);
 638	}
 639
 640	avail = sprintf(buffer, "%ld\n", rev->ns->revision);
 641	if (*ppos + size > avail) {
 642		rev->last_read = rev->ns->revision;
 643		*ppos = 0;
 644	}
 645	mutex_unlock(&rev->ns->lock);
 646
 647	return simple_read_from_buffer(buf, size, ppos, buffer, avail);
 648}
 649
 650static int ns_revision_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 651{
 652	struct aa_revision *rev = kzalloc(sizeof(*rev), GFP_KERNEL);
 653
 654	if (!rev)
 655		return -ENOMEM;
 656
 657	rev->ns = get_ns_common_ref(inode->i_private);
 658	if (!rev->ns)
 659		rev->ns = aa_get_current_ns();
 660	file->private_data = rev;
 661
 662	return 0;
 663}
 664
 665static __poll_t ns_revision_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *pt)
 666{
 667	struct aa_revision *rev = file->private_data;
 668	__poll_t mask = 0;
 669
 670	if (rev) {
 671		mutex_lock_nested(&rev->ns->lock, rev->ns->level);
 672		poll_wait(file, &rev->ns->wait, pt);
 673		if (rev->last_read < rev->ns->revision)
 674			mask |= EPOLLIN | EPOLLRDNORM;
 675		mutex_unlock(&rev->ns->lock);
 676	}
 677
 678	return mask;
 679}
 680
 681void __aa_bump_ns_revision(struct aa_ns *ns)
 682{
 683	WRITE_ONCE(ns->revision, READ_ONCE(ns->revision) + 1);
 684	wake_up_interruptible(&ns->wait);
 685}
 686
 687static const struct file_operations aa_fs_ns_revision_fops = {
 688	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
 689	.open		= ns_revision_open,
 690	.poll		= ns_revision_poll,
 691	.read		= ns_revision_read,
 692	.llseek		= generic_file_llseek,
 693	.release	= ns_revision_release,
 694};
 695
 696static void profile_query_cb(struct aa_profile *profile, struct aa_perms *perms,
 697			     const char *match_str, size_t match_len)
 698{
 699	struct aa_ruleset *rules = profile->label.rules[0];
 700	struct aa_perms tmp = { };
 701	aa_state_t state = DFA_NOMATCH;
 702
 703	if (profile_unconfined(profile))
 704		return;
 705	if (rules->file->dfa && *match_str == AA_CLASS_FILE) {
 706		state = aa_dfa_match_len(rules->file->dfa,
 707					 rules->file->start[AA_CLASS_FILE],
 708					 match_str + 1, match_len - 1);
 709		if (state) {
 710			struct path_cond cond = { };
 711
 712			tmp = *(aa_lookup_condperms(current_fsuid(),
 713						    rules->file, state, &cond));
 714		}
 715	} else if (rules->policy->dfa) {
 716		if (!RULE_MEDIATES(rules, *match_str))
 717			return;	/* no change to current perms */
 718		/* old user space does not correctly detect dbus mediation
 719		 * support so we may get dbus policy and requests when
 720		 * the abi doesn't support it. This can cause mediation
 721		 * regressions, so explicitly test for this situation.
 722		 */
 723		if (*match_str == AA_CLASS_DBUS &&
 724		    !RULE_MEDIATES_v9NET(rules))
 725			return; /* no change to current perms */
 726		state = aa_dfa_match_len(rules->policy->dfa,
 727					 rules->policy->start[0],
 728					 match_str, match_len);
 729		if (state)
 730			tmp = *aa_lookup_perms(rules->policy, state);
 731	}
 732	aa_apply_modes_to_perms(profile, &tmp);
 733	aa_perms_accum_raw(perms, &tmp);
 734}
 735
 736
 737/**
 738 * query_data - queries a policy and writes its data to buf
 739 * @buf: the resulting data is stored here (NOT NULL)
 740 * @buf_len: size of buf
 741 * @query: query string used to retrieve data
 742 * @query_len: size of query including second NUL byte
 743 *
 744 * The buffers pointed to by buf and query may overlap. The query buffer is
 745 * parsed before buf is written to.
 746 *
 747 * The query should look like "<LABEL>\0<KEY>\0", where <LABEL> is the name of
 748 * the security confinement context and <KEY> is the name of the data to
 749 * retrieve. <LABEL> and <KEY> must not be NUL-terminated.
 750 *
 751 * Don't expect the contents of buf to be preserved on failure.
 752 *
 753 * Returns: number of characters written to buf or -errno on failure
 754 */
 755static ssize_t query_data(char *buf, size_t buf_len,
 756			  char *query, size_t query_len)
 757{
 758	char *out;
 759	const char *key;
 760	struct label_it i;
 761	struct aa_label *label, *curr;
 762	struct aa_profile *profile;
 763	struct aa_data *data;
 764	u32 bytes, blocks;
 765	__le32 outle32;
 766
 767	if (!query_len)
 768		return -EINVAL; /* need a query */
 769
 770	key = query + strnlen(query, query_len) + 1;
 771	if (key + 1 >= query + query_len)
 772		return -EINVAL; /* not enough space for a non-empty key */
 773	if (key + strnlen(key, query + query_len - key) >= query + query_len)
 774		return -EINVAL; /* must end with NUL */
 775
 776	if (buf_len < sizeof(bytes) + sizeof(blocks))
 777		return -EINVAL; /* not enough space */
 778
 779	curr = begin_current_label_crit_section();
 780	label = aa_label_parse(curr, query, GFP_KERNEL, false, false);
 781	end_current_label_crit_section(curr);
 782	if (IS_ERR(label))
 783		return PTR_ERR(label);
 784
 785	/* We are going to leave space for two numbers. The first is the total
 786	 * number of bytes we are writing after the first number. This is so
 787	 * users can read the full output without reallocation.
 788	 *
 789	 * The second number is the number of data blocks we're writing. An
 790	 * application might be confined by multiple policies having data in
 791	 * the same key.
 792	 */
 793	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(bytes) + sizeof(blocks));
 794	out = buf + sizeof(bytes) + sizeof(blocks);
 795
 796	blocks = 0;
 797	label_for_each_confined(i, label, profile) {
 798		if (!profile->data)
 799			continue;
 800
 801		data = rhashtable_lookup_fast(profile->data, &key,
 802					      profile->data->p);
 803
 804		if (data) {
 805			if (out + sizeof(outle32) + data->size > buf +
 806			    buf_len) {
 807				aa_put_label(label);
 808				return -EINVAL; /* not enough space */
 809			}
 810			outle32 = __cpu_to_le32(data->size);
 811			memcpy(out, &outle32, sizeof(outle32));
 812			out += sizeof(outle32);
 813			memcpy(out, data->data, data->size);
 814			out += data->size;
 815			blocks++;
 816		}
 817	}
 818	aa_put_label(label);
 819
 820	outle32 = __cpu_to_le32(out - buf - sizeof(bytes));
 821	memcpy(buf, &outle32, sizeof(outle32));
 822	outle32 = __cpu_to_le32(blocks);
 823	memcpy(buf + sizeof(bytes), &outle32, sizeof(outle32));
 824
 825	return out - buf;
 826}
 827
 828/**
 829 * query_label - queries a label and writes permissions to buf
 830 * @buf: the resulting permissions string is stored here (NOT NULL)
 831 * @buf_len: size of buf
 832 * @query: binary query string to match against the dfa
 833 * @query_len: size of query
 834 * @view_only: only compute for querier's view
 835 *
 836 * The buffers pointed to by buf and query may overlap. The query buffer is
 837 * parsed before buf is written to.
 838 *
 839 * The query should look like "LABEL_NAME\0DFA_STRING" where LABEL_NAME is
 840 * the name of the label, in the current namespace, that is to be queried and
 841 * DFA_STRING is a binary string to match against the label(s)'s DFA.
 842 *
 843 * LABEL_NAME must be NUL terminated. DFA_STRING may contain NUL characters
 844 * but must *not* be NUL terminated.
 845 *
 846 * Returns: number of characters written to buf or -errno on failure
 847 */
 848static ssize_t query_label(char *buf, size_t buf_len,
 849			   char *query, size_t query_len, bool view_only)
 850{
 851	struct aa_profile *profile;
 852	struct aa_label *label, *curr;
 853	char *label_name, *match_str;
 854	size_t label_name_len, match_len;
 855	struct aa_perms perms;
 856	struct label_it i;
 857
 858	if (!query_len)
 859		return -EINVAL;
 860
 861	label_name = query;
 862	label_name_len = strnlen(query, query_len);
 863	if (!label_name_len || label_name_len == query_len)
 864		return -EINVAL;
 865
 866	/**
 867	 * The extra byte is to account for the null byte between the
 868	 * profile name and dfa string. profile_name_len is greater
 869	 * than zero and less than query_len, so a byte can be safely
 870	 * added or subtracted.
 871	 */
 872	match_str = label_name + label_name_len + 1;
 873	match_len = query_len - label_name_len - 1;
 874
 875	curr = begin_current_label_crit_section();
 876	label = aa_label_parse(curr, label_name, GFP_KERNEL, false, false);
 877	end_current_label_crit_section(curr);
 878	if (IS_ERR(label))
 879		return PTR_ERR(label);
 880
 881	perms = allperms;
 882	if (view_only) {
 883		label_for_each_in_ns(i, labels_ns(label), label, profile) {
 884			profile_query_cb(profile, &perms, match_str, match_len);
 885		}
 886	} else {
 887		label_for_each(i, label, profile) {
 888			profile_query_cb(profile, &perms, match_str, match_len);
 889		}
 890	}
 891	aa_put_label(label);
 892
 893	return scnprintf(buf, buf_len,
 894		      "allow 0x%08x\ndeny 0x%08x\naudit 0x%08x\nquiet 0x%08x\n",
 895		      perms.allow, perms.deny, perms.audit, perms.quiet);
 896}
 897
 898/*
 899 * Transaction based IO.
 900 * The file expects a write which triggers the transaction, and then
 901 * possibly a read(s) which collects the result - which is stored in a
 902 * file-local buffer. Once a new write is performed, a new set of results
 903 * are stored in the file-local buffer.
 904 */
 905struct multi_transaction {
 906	struct kref count;
 907	ssize_t size;
 908	char data[];
 909};
 910
 911#define MULTI_TRANSACTION_LIMIT (PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(struct multi_transaction))
 912
 913static void multi_transaction_kref(struct kref *kref)
 914{
 915	struct multi_transaction *t;
 916
 917	t = container_of(kref, struct multi_transaction, count);
 918	free_page((unsigned long) t);
 919}
 920
 921static struct multi_transaction *
 922get_multi_transaction(struct multi_transaction *t)
 923{
 924	if  (t)
 925		kref_get(&(t->count));
 926
 927	return t;
 928}
 929
 930static void put_multi_transaction(struct multi_transaction *t)
 931{
 932	if (t)
 933		kref_put(&(t->count), multi_transaction_kref);
 934}
 935
 936/* does not increment @new's count */
 937static void multi_transaction_set(struct file *file,
 938				  struct multi_transaction *new, size_t n)
 939{
 940	struct multi_transaction *old;
 941
 942	AA_BUG(n > MULTI_TRANSACTION_LIMIT);
 943
 944	new->size = n;
 945	spin_lock(&file->f_lock);
 946	old = (struct multi_transaction *) file->private_data;
 947	file->private_data = new;
 948	spin_unlock(&file->f_lock);
 949	put_multi_transaction(old);
 950}
 951
 952static struct multi_transaction *multi_transaction_new(struct file *file,
 953						       const char __user *buf,
 954						       size_t size)
 955{
 956	struct multi_transaction *t;
 957
 958	if (size > MULTI_TRANSACTION_LIMIT - 1)
 959		return ERR_PTR(-EFBIG);
 960
 961	t = (struct multi_transaction *)get_zeroed_page(GFP_KERNEL);
 962	if (!t)
 963		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 964	kref_init(&t->count);
 965	if (copy_from_user(t->data, buf, size)) {
 966		put_multi_transaction(t);
 967		return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
 968	}
 969
 970	return t;
 971}
 972
 973static ssize_t multi_transaction_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 974				       size_t size, loff_t *pos)
 975{
 976	struct multi_transaction *t;
 977	ssize_t ret;
 978
 979	spin_lock(&file->f_lock);
 980	t = get_multi_transaction(file->private_data);
 981	spin_unlock(&file->f_lock);
 982
 983	if (!t)
 984		return 0;
 985
 986	ret = simple_read_from_buffer(buf, size, pos, t->data, t->size);
 987	put_multi_transaction(t);
 988
 989	return ret;
 990}
 991
 992static int multi_transaction_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 993{
 994	put_multi_transaction(file->private_data);
 995
 996	return 0;
 997}
 998
 999#define QUERY_CMD_LABEL		"label\0"
1000#define QUERY_CMD_LABEL_LEN	6
1001#define QUERY_CMD_PROFILE	"profile\0"
1002#define QUERY_CMD_PROFILE_LEN	8
1003#define QUERY_CMD_LABELALL	"labelall\0"
1004#define QUERY_CMD_LABELALL_LEN	9
1005#define QUERY_CMD_DATA		"data\0"
1006#define QUERY_CMD_DATA_LEN	5
1007
1008/**
1009 * aa_write_access - generic permissions and data query
1010 * @file: pointer to open apparmorfs/access file
1011 * @ubuf: user buffer containing the complete query string (NOT NULL)
1012 * @count: size of ubuf
1013 * @ppos: position in the file (MUST BE ZERO)
1014 *
1015 * Allows for one permissions or data query per open(), write(), and read()
1016 * sequence. The only queries currently supported are label-based queries for
1017 * permissions or data.
1018 *
1019 * For permissions queries, ubuf must begin with "label\0", followed by the
1020 * profile query specific format described in the query_label() function
1021 * documentation.
1022 *
1023 * For data queries, ubuf must have the form "data\0<LABEL>\0<KEY>\0", where
1024 * <LABEL> is the name of the security confinement context and <KEY> is the
1025 * name of the data to retrieve.
1026 *
1027 * Returns: number of bytes written or -errno on failure
1028 */
1029static ssize_t aa_write_access(struct file *file, const char __user *ubuf,
1030			       size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
1031{
1032	struct multi_transaction *t;
1033	ssize_t len;
1034
1035	if (*ppos)
1036		return -ESPIPE;
1037
1038	t = multi_transaction_new(file, ubuf, count);
1039	if (IS_ERR(t))
1040		return PTR_ERR(t);
1041
1042	if (count > QUERY_CMD_PROFILE_LEN &&
1043	    !memcmp(t->data, QUERY_CMD_PROFILE, QUERY_CMD_PROFILE_LEN)) {
1044		len = query_label(t->data, MULTI_TRANSACTION_LIMIT,
1045				  t->data + QUERY_CMD_PROFILE_LEN,
1046				  count - QUERY_CMD_PROFILE_LEN, true);
1047	} else if (count > QUERY_CMD_LABEL_LEN &&
1048		   !memcmp(t->data, QUERY_CMD_LABEL, QUERY_CMD_LABEL_LEN)) {
1049		len = query_label(t->data, MULTI_TRANSACTION_LIMIT,
1050				  t->data + QUERY_CMD_LABEL_LEN,
1051				  count - QUERY_CMD_LABEL_LEN, true);
1052	} else if (count > QUERY_CMD_LABELALL_LEN &&
1053		   !memcmp(t->data, QUERY_CMD_LABELALL,
1054			   QUERY_CMD_LABELALL_LEN)) {
1055		len = query_label(t->data, MULTI_TRANSACTION_LIMIT,
1056				  t->data + QUERY_CMD_LABELALL_LEN,
1057				  count - QUERY_CMD_LABELALL_LEN, false);
1058	} else if (count > QUERY_CMD_DATA_LEN &&
1059		   !memcmp(t->data, QUERY_CMD_DATA, QUERY_CMD_DATA_LEN)) {
1060		len = query_data(t->data, MULTI_TRANSACTION_LIMIT,
1061				 t->data + QUERY_CMD_DATA_LEN,
1062				 count - QUERY_CMD_DATA_LEN);
1063	} else
1064		len = -EINVAL;
1065
1066	if (len < 0) {
1067		put_multi_transaction(t);
1068		return len;
1069	}
1070
1071	multi_transaction_set(file, t, len);
1072
1073	return count;
1074}
1075
1076static const struct file_operations aa_sfs_access = {
1077	.write		= aa_write_access,
1078	.read		= multi_transaction_read,
1079	.release	= multi_transaction_release,
1080	.llseek		= generic_file_llseek,
1081};
1082
1083static int aa_sfs_seq_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
1084{
1085	struct aa_sfs_entry *fs_file = seq->private;
1086
1087	if (!fs_file)
1088		return 0;
1089
1090	switch (fs_file->v_type) {
1091	case AA_SFS_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
1092		seq_printf(seq, "%s\n", str_yes_no(fs_file->v.boolean));
1093		break;
1094	case AA_SFS_TYPE_STRING:
1095		seq_printf(seq, "%s\n", fs_file->v.string);
1096		break;
1097	case AA_SFS_TYPE_U64:
1098		seq_printf(seq, "%#08lx\n", fs_file->v.u64);
1099		break;
1100	default:
1101		/* Ignore unprintable entry types. */
1102		break;
1103	}
1104
1105	return 0;
1106}
1107
1108static int aa_sfs_seq_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
1109{
1110	return single_open(file, aa_sfs_seq_show, inode->i_private);
1111}
1112
1113const struct file_operations aa_sfs_seq_file_ops = {
1114	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
1115	.open		= aa_sfs_seq_open,
1116	.read		= seq_read,
1117	.llseek		= seq_lseek,
1118	.release	= single_release,
1119};
1120
1121/*
1122 * profile based file operations
1123 *     policy/profiles/XXXX/profiles/ *
1124 */
1125
1126#define SEQ_PROFILE_FOPS(NAME)						      \
1127static int seq_profile_ ##NAME ##_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)\
1128{									      \
1129	return seq_profile_open(inode, file, seq_profile_ ##NAME ##_show);    \
1130}									      \
1131									      \
1132static const struct file_operations seq_profile_ ##NAME ##_fops = {	      \
1133	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,					      \
1134	.open		= seq_profile_ ##NAME ##_open,			      \
1135	.read		= seq_read,					      \
1136	.llseek		= seq_lseek,					      \
1137	.release	= seq_profile_release,				      \
1138}									      \
1139
1140static int seq_profile_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file,
1141			    int (*show)(struct seq_file *, void *))
1142{
1143	struct aa_proxy *proxy = get_proxy_common_ref(inode->i_private);
1144	int error = single_open(file, show, proxy);
1145
1146	if (error) {
1147		file->private_data = NULL;
1148		aa_put_proxy(proxy);
1149	}
1150
1151	return error;
1152}
1153
1154static int seq_profile_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
1155{
1156	struct seq_file *seq = (struct seq_file *) file->private_data;
1157	if (seq)
1158		aa_put_proxy(seq->private);
1159	return single_release(inode, file);
1160}
1161
1162static int seq_profile_name_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
1163{
1164	struct aa_proxy *proxy = seq->private;
1165	struct aa_label *label = aa_get_label_rcu(&proxy->label);
1166	struct aa_profile *profile = labels_profile(label);
1167	seq_printf(seq, "%s\n", profile->base.name);
1168	aa_put_label(label);
1169
1170	return 0;
1171}
1172
1173static int seq_profile_mode_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
1174{
1175	struct aa_proxy *proxy = seq->private;
1176	struct aa_label *label = aa_get_label_rcu(&proxy->label);
1177	struct aa_profile *profile = labels_profile(label);
1178	seq_printf(seq, "%s\n", aa_profile_mode_names[profile->mode]);
1179	aa_put_label(label);
1180
1181	return 0;
1182}
1183
1184static int seq_profile_attach_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
1185{
1186	struct aa_proxy *proxy = seq->private;
1187	struct aa_label *label = aa_get_label_rcu(&proxy->label);
1188	struct aa_profile *profile = labels_profile(label);
1189	if (profile->attach.xmatch_str)
1190		seq_printf(seq, "%s\n", profile->attach.xmatch_str);
1191	else if (profile->attach.xmatch->dfa)
1192		seq_puts(seq, "<unknown>\n");
1193	else
1194		seq_printf(seq, "%s\n", profile->base.name);
1195	aa_put_label(label);
1196
1197	return 0;
1198}
1199
1200static int seq_profile_hash_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
1201{
1202	struct aa_proxy *proxy = seq->private;
1203	struct aa_label *label = aa_get_label_rcu(&proxy->label);
1204	struct aa_profile *profile = labels_profile(label);
1205	unsigned int i, size = aa_hash_size();
1206
1207	if (profile->hash) {
1208		for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
1209			seq_printf(seq, "%.2x", profile->hash[i]);
1210		seq_putc(seq, '\n');
1211	}
1212	aa_put_label(label);
1213
1214	return 0;
1215}
1216
1217SEQ_PROFILE_FOPS(name);
1218SEQ_PROFILE_FOPS(mode);
1219SEQ_PROFILE_FOPS(attach);
1220SEQ_PROFILE_FOPS(hash);
1221
1222/*
1223 * namespace based files
1224 *     several root files and
1225 *     policy/ *
1226 */
1227
1228#define SEQ_NS_FOPS(NAME)						      \
1229static int seq_ns_ ##NAME ##_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)     \
1230{									      \
1231	return single_open(file, seq_ns_ ##NAME ##_show, inode->i_private);   \
1232}									      \
1233									      \
1234static const struct file_operations seq_ns_ ##NAME ##_fops = {	      \
1235	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,					      \
1236	.open		= seq_ns_ ##NAME ##_open,			      \
1237	.read		= seq_read,					      \
1238	.llseek		= seq_lseek,					      \
1239	.release	= single_release,				      \
1240}									      \
1241
1242static int seq_ns_stacked_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
1243{
1244	struct aa_label *label;
1245
1246	label = begin_current_label_crit_section();
1247	seq_printf(seq, "%s\n", str_yes_no(label->size > 1));
1248	end_current_label_crit_section(label);
1249
1250	return 0;
1251}
1252
1253static int seq_ns_nsstacked_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
1254{
1255	struct aa_label *label;
1256	struct aa_profile *profile;
1257	struct label_it it;
1258	int count = 1;
1259
1260	label = begin_current_label_crit_section();
1261
1262	if (label->size > 1) {
1263		label_for_each(it, label, profile)
1264			if (profile->ns != labels_ns(label)) {
1265				count++;
1266				break;
1267			}
1268	}
1269
1270	seq_printf(seq, "%s\n", str_yes_no(count > 1));
1271	end_current_label_crit_section(label);
1272
1273	return 0;
1274}
1275
1276static int seq_ns_level_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
1277{
1278	struct aa_label *label;
1279
1280	label = begin_current_label_crit_section();
1281	seq_printf(seq, "%d\n", labels_ns(label)->level);
1282	end_current_label_crit_section(label);
1283
1284	return 0;
1285}
1286
1287static int seq_ns_name_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
1288{
1289	struct aa_label *label = begin_current_label_crit_section();
1290	seq_printf(seq, "%s\n", labels_ns(label)->base.name);
1291	end_current_label_crit_section(label);
1292
1293	return 0;
1294}
1295
1296static int seq_ns_compress_min_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
1297{
1298	seq_printf(seq, "%d\n", AA_MIN_CLEVEL);
1299	return 0;
1300}
1301
1302static int seq_ns_compress_max_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
1303{
1304	seq_printf(seq, "%d\n", AA_MAX_CLEVEL);
1305	return 0;
1306}
1307
1308SEQ_NS_FOPS(stacked);
1309SEQ_NS_FOPS(nsstacked);
1310SEQ_NS_FOPS(level);
1311SEQ_NS_FOPS(name);
1312SEQ_NS_FOPS(compress_min);
1313SEQ_NS_FOPS(compress_max);
1314
1315
1316/* policy/raw_data/ * file ops */
1317#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR_EXPORT_BINARY
1318#define SEQ_RAWDATA_FOPS(NAME)						      \
1319static int seq_rawdata_ ##NAME ##_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)\
1320{									      \
1321	return seq_rawdata_open(inode, file, seq_rawdata_ ##NAME ##_show);    \
1322}									      \
1323									      \
1324static const struct file_operations seq_rawdata_ ##NAME ##_fops = {	      \
1325	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,					      \
1326	.open		= seq_rawdata_ ##NAME ##_open,			      \
1327	.read		= seq_read,					      \
1328	.llseek		= seq_lseek,					      \
1329	.release	= seq_rawdata_release,				      \
1330}									      \
1331
1332static int seq_rawdata_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file,
1333			    int (*show)(struct seq_file *, void *))
1334{
1335	struct aa_loaddata *data = get_loaddata_common_ref(inode->i_private);
1336	int error;
1337
1338	if (!data)
1339		return -ENOENT;
1340
1341	error = single_open(file, show, data);
1342	if (error) {
1343		AA_BUG(file->private_data &&
1344		       ((struct seq_file *)file->private_data)->private);
1345		aa_put_i_loaddata(data);
1346	}
1347
1348	return error;
1349}
1350
1351static int seq_rawdata_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
1352{
1353	struct seq_file *seq = (struct seq_file *) file->private_data;
1354
1355	if (seq)
1356		aa_put_i_loaddata(seq->private);
1357
1358	return single_release(inode, file);
1359}
1360
1361static int seq_rawdata_abi_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
1362{
1363	struct aa_loaddata *data = seq->private;
1364
1365	seq_printf(seq, "v%d\n", data->abi);
1366
1367	return 0;
1368}
1369
1370static int seq_rawdata_revision_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
1371{
1372	struct aa_loaddata *data = seq->private;
1373
1374	seq_printf(seq, "%ld\n", data->revision);
1375
1376	return 0;
1377}
1378
1379static int seq_rawdata_hash_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
1380{
1381	struct aa_loaddata *data = seq->private;
1382	unsigned int i, size = aa_hash_size();
1383
1384	if (data->hash) {
1385		for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
1386			seq_printf(seq, "%.2x", data->hash[i]);
1387		seq_putc(seq, '\n');
1388	}
1389
1390	return 0;
1391}
1392
1393static int seq_rawdata_compressed_size_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
1394{
1395	struct aa_loaddata *data = seq->private;
1396
1397	seq_printf(seq, "%zu\n", data->compressed_size);
1398
1399	return 0;
1400}
1401
1402SEQ_RAWDATA_FOPS(abi);
1403SEQ_RAWDATA_FOPS(revision);
1404SEQ_RAWDATA_FOPS(hash);
1405SEQ_RAWDATA_FOPS(compressed_size);
1406
1407static int decompress_zstd(char *src, size_t slen, char *dst, size_t dlen)
1408{
1409	if (slen < dlen) {
1410		const size_t wksp_len = zstd_dctx_workspace_bound();
1411		zstd_dctx *ctx;
1412		void *wksp;
1413		size_t out_len;
1414		int ret = 0;
1415
1416		wksp = kvzalloc(wksp_len, GFP_KERNEL);
1417		if (!wksp) {
1418			ret = -ENOMEM;
1419			goto cleanup;
1420		}
1421		ctx = zstd_init_dctx(wksp, wksp_len);
1422		if (ctx == NULL) {
1423			ret = -ENOMEM;
1424			goto cleanup;
1425		}
1426		out_len = zstd_decompress_dctx(ctx, dst, dlen, src, slen);
1427		if (zstd_is_error(out_len)) {
1428			ret = -EINVAL;
1429			goto cleanup;
1430		}
1431cleanup:
1432		kvfree(wksp);
1433		return ret;
1434	}
1435
1436	if (dlen < slen)
1437		return -EINVAL;
1438	memcpy(dst, src, slen);
1439	return 0;
1440}
1441
1442static ssize_t rawdata_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size,
1443			    loff_t *ppos)
1444{
1445	struct rawdata_f_data *private = file->private_data;
1446
1447	return simple_read_from_buffer(buf, size, ppos,
1448				       RAWDATA_F_DATA_BUF(private),
1449				       private->loaddata->size);
1450}
1451
1452static int rawdata_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
1453{
1454	rawdata_f_data_free(file->private_data);
1455
1456	return 0;
1457}
1458
1459static int rawdata_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
1460{
1461	int error;
1462	struct aa_loaddata *loaddata;
1463	struct rawdata_f_data *private;
1464
1465	if (!aa_current_policy_view_capable(NULL))
1466		return -EACCES;
1467
1468	loaddata = get_loaddata_common_ref(inode->i_private);
1469	if (!loaddata)
1470		return -ENOENT;
1471
1472	private = rawdata_f_data_alloc(loaddata->size);
1473	if (IS_ERR(private)) {
1474		error = PTR_ERR(private);
1475		goto fail_private_alloc;
1476	}
1477
1478	private->loaddata = loaddata;
1479
1480	error = decompress_zstd(loaddata->data, loaddata->compressed_size,
1481				RAWDATA_F_DATA_BUF(private),
1482				loaddata->size);
1483	if (error)
1484		goto fail_decompress;
1485
1486	file->private_data = private;
1487	return 0;
1488
1489fail_decompress:
1490	rawdata_f_data_free(private);
1491	return error;
1492
1493fail_private_alloc:
1494	aa_put_i_loaddata(loaddata);
1495	return error;
1496}
1497
1498static const struct file_operations rawdata_fops = {
1499	.open = rawdata_open,
1500	.read = rawdata_read,
1501	.llseek = generic_file_llseek,
1502	.release = rawdata_release,
1503};
1504
1505static void remove_rawdata_dents(struct aa_loaddata *rawdata)
1506{
1507	int i;
1508
1509	for (i = 0; i < AAFS_LOADDATA_NDENTS; i++) {
1510		if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(rawdata->dents[i])) {
1511			aafs_remove(rawdata->dents[i]);
1512			rawdata->dents[i] = NULL;
1513		}
1514	}
1515}
1516
1517void __aa_fs_remove_rawdata(struct aa_loaddata *rawdata)
1518{
1519	AA_BUG(rawdata->ns && !mutex_is_locked(&rawdata->ns->lock));
1520
1521	if (rawdata->ns) {
1522		remove_rawdata_dents(rawdata);
1523		list_del_init(&rawdata->list);
1524		aa_put_ns(rawdata->ns);
1525		rawdata->ns = NULL;
1526	}
1527}
1528
1529int __aa_fs_create_rawdata(struct aa_ns *ns, struct aa_loaddata *rawdata)
1530{
1531	struct dentry *dent, *dir;
1532
1533	AA_BUG(!ns);
1534	AA_BUG(!rawdata);
1535	AA_BUG(!mutex_is_locked(&ns->lock));
1536	AA_BUG(!ns_subdata_dir(ns));
1537
1538	/*
1539	 * just use ns revision dir was originally created at. This is
1540	 * under ns->lock and if load is successful revision will be
1541	 * bumped and is guaranteed to be unique
1542	 */
1543	rawdata->name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "%ld", ns->revision);
1544	if (!rawdata->name)
1545		return -ENOMEM;
1546
1547	dir = aafs_create_dir(rawdata->name, ns_subdata_dir(ns));
1548	if (IS_ERR(dir))
1549		/* ->name freed when rawdata freed */
1550		return PTR_ERR(dir);
1551	rawdata->dents[AAFS_LOADDATA_DIR] = dir;
1552
1553	dent = aafs_create_file("abi", S_IFREG | 0444, dir, &rawdata->count,
1554				      &seq_rawdata_abi_fops);
1555	if (IS_ERR(dent))
1556		goto fail;
1557	rawdata->dents[AAFS_LOADDATA_ABI] = dent;
1558
1559	dent = aafs_create_file("revision", S_IFREG | 0444, dir,
1560				&rawdata->count,
1561				&seq_rawdata_revision_fops);
1562	if (IS_ERR(dent))
1563		goto fail;
1564	rawdata->dents[AAFS_LOADDATA_REVISION] = dent;
1565
1566	if (aa_g_hash_policy) {
1567		dent = aafs_create_file("sha256", S_IFREG | 0444, dir,
1568					&rawdata->count,
1569					&seq_rawdata_hash_fops);
1570		if (IS_ERR(dent))
1571			goto fail;
1572		rawdata->dents[AAFS_LOADDATA_HASH] = dent;
1573	}
1574
1575	dent = aafs_create_file("compressed_size", S_IFREG | 0444, dir,
1576				&rawdata->count,
1577				&seq_rawdata_compressed_size_fops);
1578	if (IS_ERR(dent))
1579		goto fail;
1580	rawdata->dents[AAFS_LOADDATA_COMPRESSED_SIZE] = dent;
1581
1582	dent = aafs_create_file("raw_data", S_IFREG | 0444, dir,
1583				&rawdata->count, &rawdata_fops);
1584	if (IS_ERR(dent))
1585		goto fail;
1586	rawdata->dents[AAFS_LOADDATA_DATA] = dent;
1587	d_inode(dent)->i_size = rawdata->size;
1588
1589	rawdata->ns = aa_get_ns(ns);
1590	list_add(&rawdata->list, &ns->rawdata_list);
1591
1592	return 0;
1593
1594fail:
1595	remove_rawdata_dents(rawdata);
1596	return PTR_ERR(dent);
1597}
1598#endif /* CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR_EXPORT_BINARY */
1599
1600
1601/** fns to setup dynamic per profile/namespace files **/
1602
1603/*
1604 *
1605 * Requires: @profile->ns->lock held
1606 */
1607void __aafs_profile_rmdir(struct aa_profile *profile)
1608{
1609	struct aa_profile *child;
1610	int i;
1611
1612	if (!profile)
1613		return;
1614
1615	list_for_each_entry(child, &profile->base.profiles, base.list)
1616		__aafs_profile_rmdir(child);
1617
1618	for (i = AAFS_PROF_SIZEOF - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
1619		if (!profile->dents[i])
1620			continue;
1621
1622		aafs_remove(profile->dents[i]);
1623		profile->dents[i] = NULL;
1624	}
1625}
1626
1627/*
1628 *
1629 * Requires: @old->ns->lock held
1630 */
1631void __aafs_profile_migrate_dents(struct aa_profile *old,
1632				  struct aa_profile *new)
1633{
1634	int i;
1635
1636	AA_BUG(!old);
1637	AA_BUG(!new);
1638	AA_BUG(!mutex_is_locked(&profiles_ns(old)->lock));
1639
1640	for (i = 0; i < AAFS_PROF_SIZEOF; i++) {
1641		new->dents[i] = old->dents[i];
1642		if (new->dents[i]) {
1643			struct inode *inode = d_inode(new->dents[i]);
1644
1645			inode_set_mtime_to_ts(inode,
1646					      inode_set_ctime_current(inode));
1647		}
1648		old->dents[i] = NULL;
1649	}
1650}
1651
1652static struct dentry *create_profile_file(struct dentry *dir, const char *name,
1653					  struct aa_profile *profile,
1654					  const struct file_operations *fops)
1655{
1656	return aafs_create_file(name, S_IFREG | 0444, dir, &profile->label.proxy->count, fops);
1657}
1658
1659#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR_EXPORT_BINARY
1660static int profile_depth(struct aa_profile *profile)
1661{
1662	int depth = 0;
1663
1664	rcu_read_lock();
1665	for (depth = 0; profile; profile = rcu_access_pointer(profile->parent))
1666		depth++;
1667	rcu_read_unlock();
1668
1669	return depth;
1670}
1671
1672static char *gen_symlink_name(int depth, const char *dirname, const char *fname)
1673{
1674	char *buffer, *s;
1675	int error;
1676	int size = depth * 6 + strlen(dirname) + strlen(fname) + 11;
1677
1678	s = buffer = kmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
1679	if (!buffer)
1680		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
1681
1682	for (; depth > 0; depth--) {
1683		strcpy(s, "../../");
1684		s += 6;
1685		size -= 6;
1686	}
1687
1688	error = snprintf(s, size, "raw_data/%s/%s", dirname, fname);
1689	if (error >= size || error < 0) {
1690		kfree(buffer);
1691		return ERR_PTR(-ENAMETOOLONG);
1692	}
1693
1694	return buffer;
1695}
1696
1697static const char *rawdata_get_link_base(struct dentry *dentry,
1698					 struct inode *inode,
1699					 struct delayed_call *done,
1700					 const char *name)
1701{
1702	struct aa_common_ref *ref = inode->i_private;
1703	struct aa_proxy *proxy = container_of(ref, struct aa_proxy, count);
1704	struct aa_label *label;
1705	struct aa_profile *profile;
1706	char *target;
1707	int depth;
1708
1709	if (!dentry)
1710		return ERR_PTR(-ECHILD);
1711
1712	label = aa_get_label_rcu(&proxy->label);
1713	profile = labels_profile(label);
1714
1715	/* rawdata can be null when aa_g_export_binary is unset during
1716	 * runtime and a profile is replaced
1717	 */
1718	if (!profile->rawdata) {
1719		aa_put_label(label);
1720		return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
1721	}
1722
1723	depth = profile_depth(profile);
1724	target = gen_symlink_name(depth, profile->rawdata->name, name);
1725	aa_put_label(label);
1726
1727	if (IS_ERR(target))
1728		return target;
1729
1730	set_delayed_call(done, kfree_link, target);
1731
1732	return target;
1733}
1734
1735static const char *rawdata_get_link_sha256(struct dentry *dentry,
1736					 struct inode *inode,
1737					 struct delayed_call *done)
1738{
1739	return rawdata_get_link_base(dentry, inode, done, "sha256");
1740}
1741
1742static const char *rawdata_get_link_abi(struct dentry *dentry,
1743					struct inode *inode,
1744					struct delayed_call *done)
1745{
1746	return rawdata_get_link_base(dentry, inode, done, "abi");
1747}
1748
1749static const char *rawdata_get_link_data(struct dentry *dentry,
1750					 struct inode *inode,
1751					 struct delayed_call *done)
1752{
1753	return rawdata_get_link_base(dentry, inode, done, "raw_data");
1754}
1755
1756static const struct inode_operations rawdata_link_sha256_iops = {
1757	.get_link	= rawdata_get_link_sha256,
1758};
1759
1760static const struct inode_operations rawdata_link_abi_iops = {
1761	.get_link	= rawdata_get_link_abi,
1762};
1763static const struct inode_operations rawdata_link_data_iops = {
1764	.get_link	= rawdata_get_link_data,
1765};
1766#endif /* CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR_EXPORT_BINARY */
1767
1768/*
1769 * Requires: @profile->ns->lock held
1770 */
1771int __aafs_profile_mkdir(struct aa_profile *profile, struct dentry *parent)
1772{
1773	struct aa_profile *child;
1774	struct dentry *dent = NULL, *dir;
1775	int error;
1776
1777	AA_BUG(!profile);
1778	AA_BUG(!mutex_is_locked(&profiles_ns(profile)->lock));
1779
1780	if (!parent) {
1781		struct aa_profile *p;
1782		p = aa_deref_parent(profile);
1783		dent = prof_dir(p);
1784		if (!dent) {
1785			error = -ENOENT;
1786			goto fail2;
1787		}
1788		/* adding to parent that previously didn't have children */
1789		dent = aafs_create_dir("profiles", dent);
1790		if (IS_ERR(dent))
1791			goto fail;
1792		prof_child_dir(p) = parent = dent;
1793	}
1794
1795	if (!profile->dirname) {
1796		int len, id_len;
1797		len = mangle_name(profile->base.name, NULL);
1798		id_len = snprintf(NULL, 0, ".%ld", profile->ns->uniq_id);
1799
1800		profile->dirname = kmalloc(len + id_len + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
1801		if (!profile->dirname) {
1802			error = -ENOMEM;
1803			goto fail2;
1804		}
1805
1806		mangle_name(profile->base.name, profile->dirname);
1807		sprintf(profile->dirname + len, ".%ld", profile->ns->uniq_id++);
1808	}
1809
1810	dent = aafs_create_dir(profile->dirname, parent);
1811	if (IS_ERR(dent))
1812		goto fail;
1813	prof_dir(profile) = dir = dent;
1814
1815	dent = create_profile_file(dir, "name", profile,
1816				   &seq_profile_name_fops);
1817	if (IS_ERR(dent))
1818		goto fail;
1819	profile->dents[AAFS_PROF_NAME] = dent;
1820
1821	dent = create_profile_file(dir, "mode", profile,
1822				   &seq_profile_mode_fops);
1823	if (IS_ERR(dent))
1824		goto fail;
1825	profile->dents[AAFS_PROF_MODE] = dent;
1826
1827	dent = create_profile_file(dir, "attach", profile,
1828				   &seq_profile_attach_fops);
1829	if (IS_ERR(dent))
1830		goto fail;
1831	profile->dents[AAFS_PROF_ATTACH] = dent;
1832
1833	if (profile->hash) {
1834		dent = create_profile_file(dir, "sha256", profile,
1835					   &seq_profile_hash_fops);
1836		if (IS_ERR(dent))
1837			goto fail;
1838		profile->dents[AAFS_PROF_HASH] = dent;
1839	}
1840
1841#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR_EXPORT_BINARY
1842	if (profile->rawdata) {
1843		if (aa_g_hash_policy) {
1844			dent = aafs_create("raw_sha256", S_IFLNK | 0444, dir,
1845					   &profile->label.proxy->count, NULL,
1846					   NULL, &rawdata_link_sha256_iops);
1847			if (IS_ERR(dent))
1848				goto fail;
1849			profile->dents[AAFS_PROF_RAW_HASH] = dent;
1850		}
1851		dent = aafs_create("raw_abi", S_IFLNK | 0444, dir,
1852				   &profile->label.proxy->count, NULL, NULL,
1853				   &rawdata_link_abi_iops);
1854		if (IS_ERR(dent))
1855			goto fail;
1856		profile->dents[AAFS_PROF_RAW_ABI] = dent;
1857
1858		dent = aafs_create("raw_data", S_IFLNK | 0444, dir,
1859				   &profile->label.proxy->count, NULL, NULL,
1860				   &rawdata_link_data_iops);
1861		if (IS_ERR(dent))
1862			goto fail;
1863		profile->dents[AAFS_PROF_RAW_DATA] = dent;
1864	}
1865#endif /*CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR_EXPORT_BINARY */
1866
1867	list_for_each_entry(child, &profile->base.profiles, base.list) {
1868		error = __aafs_profile_mkdir(child, prof_child_dir(profile));
1869		if (error)
1870			goto fail2;
1871	}
1872
1873	return 0;
1874
1875fail:
1876	error = PTR_ERR(dent);
1877
1878fail2:
1879	__aafs_profile_rmdir(profile);
1880
1881	return error;
1882}
1883
1884static struct dentry *ns_mkdir_op(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
1885				  struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode)
1886{
1887	struct aa_ns *ns, *parent;
1888	/* TODO: improve permission check */
1889	struct aa_label *label;
1890	int error;
1891
1892	label = begin_current_label_crit_section();
1893	error = aa_may_manage_policy(current_cred(), label, NULL, NULL,
1894				     AA_MAY_LOAD_POLICY);
1895	end_current_label_crit_section(label);
1896	if (error)
1897		return ERR_PTR(error);
1898
1899	parent = get_ns_common_ref(dir->i_private);
1900	AA_BUG(d_inode(ns_subns_dir(parent)) != dir);
1901
1902	/* we have to unlock and then relock to get locking order right
1903	 * for pin_fs
1904	 */
1905	inode_unlock(dir);
1906	error = simple_pin_fs(&aafs_ops, &aafs_mnt, &aafs_count);
1907	mutex_lock_nested(&parent->lock, parent->level);
1908	inode_lock_nested(dir, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
1909	if (error)
1910		goto out;
1911
1912	error = __aafs_setup_d_inode(dir, dentry, mode | S_IFDIR,  NULL,
1913				     NULL, NULL, NULL);
1914	if (error)
1915		goto out_pin;
1916
1917	ns = __aa_find_or_create_ns(parent, READ_ONCE(dentry->d_name.name),
1918				    dentry);
1919	if (IS_ERR(ns)) {
1920		error = PTR_ERR(ns);
1921		ns = NULL;
1922	}
1923
1924	aa_put_ns(ns);		/* list ref remains */
1925out_pin:
1926	if (error)
1927		simple_release_fs(&aafs_mnt, &aafs_count);
1928out:
1929	mutex_unlock(&parent->lock);
1930	aa_put_ns(parent);
1931
1932	return ERR_PTR(error);
1933}
1934
1935static int ns_rmdir_op(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
1936{
1937	struct aa_ns *ns, *parent;
1938	/* TODO: improve permission check */
1939	struct aa_label *label;
1940	int error;
1941
1942	label = begin_current_label_crit_section();
1943	error = aa_may_manage_policy(current_cred(), label, NULL, NULL,
1944				     AA_MAY_LOAD_POLICY);
1945	end_current_label_crit_section(label);
1946	if (error)
1947		return error;
1948
1949	parent = get_ns_common_ref(dir->i_private);
1950	/* rmdir calls the generic securityfs functions to remove files
1951	 * from the apparmor dir. It is up to the apparmor ns locking
1952	 * to avoid races.
1953	 */
1954	inode_unlock(dir);
1955	inode_unlock(dentry->d_inode);
1956
1957	mutex_lock_nested(&parent->lock, parent->level);
1958	ns = aa_get_ns(__aa_findn_ns(&parent->sub_ns, dentry->d_name.name,
1959				     dentry->d_name.len));
1960	if (!ns) {
1961		error = -ENOENT;
1962		goto out;
1963	}
1964	AA_BUG(ns_dir(ns) != dentry);
1965
1966	__aa_remove_ns(ns);
1967	aa_put_ns(ns);
1968
1969out:
1970	mutex_unlock(&parent->lock);
1971	inode_lock_nested(dir, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
1972	inode_lock(dentry->d_inode);
1973	aa_put_ns(parent);
1974
1975	return error;
1976}
1977
1978static const struct inode_operations ns_dir_inode_operations = {
1979	.lookup		= simple_lookup,
1980	.mkdir		= ns_mkdir_op,
1981	.rmdir		= ns_rmdir_op,
1982};
1983
1984static void __aa_fs_list_remove_rawdata(struct aa_ns *ns)
1985{
1986	struct aa_loaddata *ent, *tmp;
1987
1988	AA_BUG(!mutex_is_locked(&ns->lock));
1989
1990	list_for_each_entry_safe(ent, tmp, &ns->rawdata_list, list)
1991		__aa_fs_remove_rawdata(ent);
1992}
1993
1994/*
1995 *
1996 * Requires: @ns->lock held
1997 */
1998void __aafs_ns_rmdir(struct aa_ns *ns)
1999{
2000	struct aa_ns *sub;
2001	struct aa_profile *child;
2002	int i;
2003
2004	if (!ns)
2005		return;
2006	AA_BUG(!mutex_is_locked(&ns->lock));
2007
2008	list_for_each_entry(child, &ns->base.profiles, base.list)
2009		__aafs_profile_rmdir(child);
2010
2011	list_for_each_entry(sub, &ns->sub_ns, base.list) {
2012		mutex_lock_nested(&sub->lock, sub->level);
2013		__aafs_ns_rmdir(sub);
2014		mutex_unlock(&sub->lock);
2015	}
2016
2017	__aa_fs_list_remove_rawdata(ns);
2018
2019	for (i = AAFS_NS_SIZEOF - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
2020		aafs_remove(ns->dents[i]);
2021		ns->dents[i] = NULL;
2022	}
2023}
2024
2025/* assumes cleanup in caller */
2026static int __aafs_ns_mkdir_entries(struct aa_ns *ns, struct dentry *dir)
2027{
2028	struct dentry *dent;
2029
2030	AA_BUG(!ns);
2031	AA_BUG(!dir);
2032
2033	dent = aafs_create_dir("profiles", dir);
2034	if (IS_ERR(dent))
2035		return PTR_ERR(dent);
2036	ns_subprofs_dir(ns) = dent;
2037
2038	dent = aafs_create_dir("raw_data", dir);
2039	if (IS_ERR(dent))
2040		return PTR_ERR(dent);
2041	ns_subdata_dir(ns) = dent;
2042
2043	dent = aafs_create_file("revision", 0444, dir,
2044				&ns->unconfined->label.count,
2045				&aa_fs_ns_revision_fops);
2046	if (IS_ERR(dent))
2047		return PTR_ERR(dent);
2048	ns_subrevision(ns) = dent;
2049
2050	dent = aafs_create_file(".load", 0640, dir,
2051				&ns->unconfined->label.count,
2052				&aa_fs_profile_load);
2053	if (IS_ERR(dent))
2054		return PTR_ERR(dent);
2055	ns_subload(ns) = dent;
2056
2057	dent = aafs_create_file(".replace", 0640, dir,
2058				&ns->unconfined->label.count,
2059				&aa_fs_profile_replace);
2060	if (IS_ERR(dent))
2061		return PTR_ERR(dent);
2062	ns_subreplace(ns) = dent;
2063
2064	dent = aafs_create_file(".remove", 0640, dir,
2065				&ns->unconfined->label.count,
2066				&aa_fs_profile_remove);
2067	if (IS_ERR(dent))
2068		return PTR_ERR(dent);
2069	ns_subremove(ns) = dent;
2070
2071	  /* use create_dentry so we can supply private data */
2072	dent = aafs_create("namespaces", S_IFDIR | 0755, dir,
2073			   &ns->unconfined->label.count,
2074			   NULL, NULL, &ns_dir_inode_operations);
2075	if (IS_ERR(dent))
2076		return PTR_ERR(dent);
2077	ns_subns_dir(ns) = dent;
2078
2079	return 0;
2080}
2081
2082/*
2083 * Requires: @ns->lock held
2084 */
2085int __aafs_ns_mkdir(struct aa_ns *ns, struct dentry *parent, const char *name,
2086		    struct dentry *dent)
2087{
2088	struct aa_ns *sub;
2089	struct aa_profile *child;
2090	struct dentry *dir;
2091	int error;
2092
2093	AA_BUG(!ns);
2094	AA_BUG(!parent);
2095	AA_BUG(!mutex_is_locked(&ns->lock));
2096
2097	if (!name)
2098		name = ns->base.name;
2099
2100	if (!dent) {
2101		/* create ns dir if it doesn't already exist */
2102		dent = aafs_create_dir(name, parent);
2103		if (IS_ERR(dent))
2104			goto fail;
2105	} else
2106		dget(dent);
2107	ns_dir(ns) = dir = dent;
2108	error = __aafs_ns_mkdir_entries(ns, dir);
2109	if (error)
2110		goto fail2;
2111
2112	/* profiles */
2113	list_for_each_entry(child, &ns->base.profiles, base.list) {
2114		error = __aafs_profile_mkdir(child, ns_subprofs_dir(ns));
2115		if (error)
2116			goto fail2;
2117	}
2118
2119	/* subnamespaces */
2120	list_for_each_entry(sub, &ns->sub_ns, base.list) {
2121		mutex_lock_nested(&sub->lock, sub->level);
2122		error = __aafs_ns_mkdir(sub, ns_subns_dir(ns), NULL, NULL);
2123		mutex_unlock(&sub->lock);
2124		if (error)
2125			goto fail2;
2126	}
2127
2128	return 0;
2129
2130fail:
2131	error = PTR_ERR(dent);
2132
2133fail2:
2134	__aafs_ns_rmdir(ns);
2135
2136	return error;
2137}
2138
2139/**
2140 * __next_ns - find the next namespace to list
2141 * @root: root namespace to stop search at (NOT NULL)
2142 * @ns: current ns position (NOT NULL)
2143 *
2144 * Find the next namespace from @ns under @root and handle all locking needed
2145 * while switching current namespace.
2146 *
2147 * Returns: next namespace or NULL if at last namespace under @root
2148 * Requires: ns->parent->lock to be held
2149 * NOTE: will not unlock root->lock
2150 */
2151static struct aa_ns *__next_ns(struct aa_ns *root, struct aa_ns *ns)
2152{
2153	struct aa_ns *parent, *next;
2154
2155	AA_BUG(!root);
2156	AA_BUG(!ns);
2157	AA_BUG(ns != root && !mutex_is_locked(&ns->parent->lock));
2158
2159	/* is next namespace a child */
2160	if (!list_empty(&ns->sub_ns)) {
2161		next = list_first_entry(&ns->sub_ns, typeof(*ns), base.list);
2162		mutex_lock_nested(&next->lock, next->level);
2163		return next;
2164	}
2165
2166	/* check if the next ns is a sibling, parent, gp, .. */
2167	parent = ns->parent;
2168	while (ns != root) {
2169		mutex_unlock(&ns->lock);
2170		next = list_next_entry(ns, base.list);
2171		if (!list_entry_is_head(next, &parent->sub_ns, base.list)) {
2172			mutex_lock_nested(&next->lock, next->level);
2173			return next;
2174		}
2175		ns = parent;
2176		parent = parent->parent;
2177	}
2178
2179	return NULL;
2180}
2181
2182/**
2183 * __first_profile - find the first profile in a namespace
2184 * @root: namespace that is root of profiles being displayed (NOT NULL)
2185 * @ns: namespace to start in   (NOT NULL)
2186 *
2187 * Returns: unrefcounted profile or NULL if no profile
2188 * Requires: profile->ns.lock to be held
2189 */
2190static struct aa_profile *__first_profile(struct aa_ns *root,
2191					  struct aa_ns *ns)
2192{
2193	AA_BUG(!root);
2194	AA_BUG(ns && !mutex_is_locked(&ns->lock));
2195
2196	for (; ns; ns = __next_ns(root, ns)) {
2197		if (!list_empty(&ns->base.profiles))
2198			return list_first_entry(&ns->base.profiles,
2199						struct aa_profile, base.list);
2200	}
2201	return NULL;
2202}
2203
2204/**
2205 * __next_profile - step to the next profile in a profile tree
2206 * @p: current profile in tree (NOT NULL)
2207 *
2208 * Perform a depth first traversal on the profile tree in a namespace
2209 *
2210 * Returns: next profile or NULL if done
2211 * Requires: profile->ns.lock to be held
2212 */
2213static struct aa_profile *__next_profile(struct aa_profile *p)
2214{
2215	struct aa_profile *parent;
2216	struct aa_ns *ns = p->ns;
2217
2218	AA_BUG(!mutex_is_locked(&profiles_ns(p)->lock));
2219
2220	/* is next profile a child */
2221	if (!list_empty(&p->base.profiles))
2222		return list_first_entry(&p->base.profiles, typeof(*p),
2223					base.list);
2224
2225	/* is next profile a sibling, parent sibling, gp, sibling, .. */
2226	parent = rcu_dereference_protected(p->parent,
2227					   mutex_is_locked(&p->ns->lock));
2228	while (parent) {
2229		p = list_next_entry(p, base.list);
2230		if (!list_entry_is_head(p, &parent->base.profiles, base.list))
2231			return p;
2232		p = parent;
2233		parent = rcu_dereference_protected(parent->parent,
2234					    mutex_is_locked(&parent->ns->lock));
2235	}
2236
2237	/* is next another profile in the namespace */
2238	p = list_next_entry(p, base.list);
2239	if (!list_entry_is_head(p, &ns->base.profiles, base.list))
2240		return p;
2241
2242	return NULL;
2243}
2244
2245/**
2246 * next_profile - step to the next profile in where ever it may be
2247 * @root: root namespace  (NOT NULL)
2248 * @profile: current profile  (NOT NULL)
2249 *
2250 * Returns: next profile or NULL if there isn't one
2251 */
2252static struct aa_profile *next_profile(struct aa_ns *root,
2253				       struct aa_profile *profile)
2254{
2255	struct aa_profile *next = __next_profile(profile);
2256	if (next)
2257		return next;
2258
2259	/* finished all profiles in namespace move to next namespace */
2260	return __first_profile(root, __next_ns(root, profile->ns));
2261}
2262
2263/**
2264 * p_start - start a depth first traversal of profile tree
2265 * @f: seq_file to fill
2266 * @pos: current position
2267 *
2268 * Returns: first profile under current namespace or NULL if none found
2269 *
2270 * acquires first ns->lock
2271 */
2272static void *p_start(struct seq_file *f, loff_t *pos)
2273{
2274	struct aa_profile *profile = NULL;
2275	struct aa_ns *root = aa_get_current_ns();
2276	loff_t l = *pos;
2277	f->private = root;
2278
2279	/* find the first profile */
2280	mutex_lock_nested(&root->lock, root->level);
2281	profile = __first_profile(root, root);
2282
2283	/* skip to position */
2284	for (; profile && l > 0; l--)
2285		profile = next_profile(root, profile);
2286
2287	return profile;
2288}
2289
2290/**
2291 * p_next - read the next profile entry
2292 * @f: seq_file to fill
2293 * @p: profile previously returned
2294 * @pos: current position
2295 *
2296 * Returns: next profile after @p or NULL if none
2297 *
2298 * may acquire/release locks in namespace tree as necessary
2299 */
2300static void *p_next(struct seq_file *f, void *p, loff_t *pos)
2301{
2302	struct aa_profile *profile = p;
2303	struct aa_ns *ns = f->private;
2304	(*pos)++;
2305
2306	return next_profile(ns, profile);
2307}
2308
2309/**
2310 * p_stop - stop depth first traversal
2311 * @f: seq_file we are filling
2312 * @p: the last profile written
2313 *
2314 * Release all locking done by p_start/p_next on namespace tree
2315 */
2316static void p_stop(struct seq_file *f, void *p)
2317{
2318	struct aa_profile *profile = p;
2319	struct aa_ns *root = f->private, *ns;
2320
2321	if (profile) {
2322		for (ns = profile->ns; ns && ns != root; ns = ns->parent)
2323			mutex_unlock(&ns->lock);
2324	}
2325	mutex_unlock(&root->lock);
2326	aa_put_ns(root);
2327}
2328
2329/**
2330 * seq_show_profile - show a profile entry
2331 * @f: seq_file to file
2332 * @p: current position (profile)    (NOT NULL)
2333 *
2334 * Returns: error on failure
2335 */
2336static int seq_show_profile(struct seq_file *f, void *p)
2337{
2338	struct aa_profile *profile = (struct aa_profile *)p;
2339	struct aa_ns *root = f->private;
2340
2341	aa_label_seq_xprint(f, root, &profile->label,
2342			    FLAG_SHOW_MODE | FLAG_VIEW_SUBNS, GFP_KERNEL);
2343	seq_putc(f, '\n');
2344
2345	return 0;
2346}
2347
2348static const struct seq_operations aa_sfs_profiles_op = {
2349	.start = p_start,
2350	.next = p_next,
2351	.stop = p_stop,
2352	.show = seq_show_profile,
2353};
2354
2355static int profiles_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
2356{
2357	if (!aa_current_policy_view_capable(NULL))
2358		return -EACCES;
2359
2360	return seq_open(file, &aa_sfs_profiles_op);
2361}
2362
2363static int profiles_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
2364{
2365	return seq_release(inode, file);
2366}
2367
2368static const struct file_operations aa_sfs_profiles_fops = {
2369	.open = profiles_open,
2370	.read = seq_read,
2371	.llseek = seq_lseek,
2372	.release = profiles_release,
2373};
2374
2375
2376/** Base file system setup **/
2377static struct aa_sfs_entry aa_sfs_entry_file[] = {
2378	AA_SFS_FILE_STRING("mask",
2379			   "create read write exec append mmap_exec link lock"),
2380	{ }
2381};
2382
2383static struct aa_sfs_entry aa_sfs_entry_ptrace[] = {
2384	AA_SFS_FILE_STRING("mask", "read trace"),
2385	{ }
2386};
2387
2388static struct aa_sfs_entry aa_sfs_entry_signal[] = {
2389	AA_SFS_FILE_STRING("mask", AA_SFS_SIG_MASK),
2390	{ }
2391};
2392
2393static struct aa_sfs_entry aa_sfs_entry_attach[] = {
2394	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("xattr", 1),
2395	{ }
2396};
2397static struct aa_sfs_entry aa_sfs_entry_domain[] = {
2398	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("change_hat",	1),
2399	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("change_hatv",	1),
2400	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("unconfined_allowed_children",	1),
2401	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("change_onexec",	1),
2402	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("change_profile",	1),
2403	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("stack",		1),
2404	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("fix_binfmt_elf_mmap",	1),
2405	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("post_nnp_subset",	1),
2406	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("computed_longest_left",	1),
2407	AA_SFS_DIR("attach_conditions",		aa_sfs_entry_attach),
2408	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("disconnected.path",            1),
2409	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("kill.signal",		1),
2410	AA_SFS_FILE_STRING("version", "1.2"),
2411	{ }
2412};
2413
2414static struct aa_sfs_entry aa_sfs_entry_unconfined[] = {
2415	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("change_profile", 1),
2416	{ }
2417};
2418
2419static struct aa_sfs_entry aa_sfs_entry_versions[] = {
2420	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("v5",	1),
2421	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("v6",	1),
2422	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("v7",	1),
2423	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("v8",	1),
2424	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("v9",	1),
2425	{ }
2426};
2427
2428#define PERMS32STR "allow deny subtree cond kill complain prompt audit quiet hide xindex tag label"
2429static struct aa_sfs_entry aa_sfs_entry_policy[] = {
2430	AA_SFS_DIR("versions",			aa_sfs_entry_versions),
2431	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("set_load",		1),
2432	/* number of out of band transitions supported */
2433	AA_SFS_FILE_U64("outofband",		MAX_OOB_SUPPORTED),
2434	AA_SFS_FILE_U64("permstable32_version",	3),
2435	AA_SFS_FILE_STRING("permstable32", PERMS32STR),
2436	AA_SFS_FILE_U64("state32",	1),
2437	AA_SFS_DIR("unconfined_restrictions",   aa_sfs_entry_unconfined),
2438	{ }
2439};
2440
2441static struct aa_sfs_entry aa_sfs_entry_mount[] = {
2442	AA_SFS_FILE_STRING("mask", "mount umount pivot_root"),
2443	AA_SFS_FILE_STRING("move_mount", "detached"),
2444	{ }
2445};
2446
2447static struct aa_sfs_entry aa_sfs_entry_ns[] = {
2448	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("profile",		1),
2449	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("pivot_root",	0),
2450	AA_SFS_FILE_STRING("mask", "userns_create"),
2451	{ }
2452};
2453
2454static struct aa_sfs_entry aa_sfs_entry_dbus[] = {
2455	AA_SFS_FILE_STRING("mask", "acquire send receive"),
2456	{ }
2457};
2458
2459static struct aa_sfs_entry aa_sfs_entry_query_label[] = {
2460	AA_SFS_FILE_STRING("perms", "allow deny audit quiet"),
2461	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("data",		1),
2462	AA_SFS_FILE_BOOLEAN("multi_transaction",	1),
2463	{ }
2464};
2465
2466static struct aa_sfs_entry aa_sfs_entry_query[] = {
2467	AA_SFS_DIR("label",			aa_sfs_entry_query_label),
2468	{ }
2469};
2470
2471static struct aa_sfs_entry aa_sfs_entry_io_uring[] = {
2472	AA_SFS_FILE_STRING("mask", "sqpoll override_creds"),
2473	{ }
2474};
2475
2476static struct aa_sfs_entry aa_sfs_entry_features[] = {
2477	AA_SFS_DIR("policy",			aa_sfs_entry_policy),
2478	AA_SFS_DIR("domain",			aa_sfs_entry_domain),
2479	AA_SFS_DIR("file",			aa_sfs_entry_file),
2480	AA_SFS_DIR("network_v8",		aa_sfs_entry_network),
2481	AA_SFS_DIR("network_v9",		aa_sfs_entry_networkv9),
2482	AA_SFS_DIR("mount",			aa_sfs_entry_mount),
2483	AA_SFS_DIR("namespaces",		aa_sfs_entry_ns),
2484	AA_SFS_FILE_U64("capability",		VFS_CAP_FLAGS_MASK),
2485	AA_SFS_DIR("rlimit",			aa_sfs_entry_rlimit),
2486	AA_SFS_DIR("caps",			aa_sfs_entry_caps),
2487	AA_SFS_DIR("ptrace",			aa_sfs_entry_ptrace),
2488	AA_SFS_DIR("signal",			aa_sfs_entry_signal),
2489	AA_SFS_DIR("dbus",			aa_sfs_entry_dbus),
2490	AA_SFS_DIR("query",			aa_sfs_entry_query),
2491	AA_SFS_DIR("io_uring",			aa_sfs_entry_io_uring),
2492	{ }
2493};
2494
2495static struct aa_sfs_entry aa_sfs_entry_apparmor[] = {
2496	AA_SFS_FILE_FOPS(".access", 0666, &aa_sfs_access),
2497	AA_SFS_FILE_FOPS(".stacked", 0444, &seq_ns_stacked_fops),
2498	AA_SFS_FILE_FOPS(".ns_stacked", 0444, &seq_ns_nsstacked_fops),
2499	AA_SFS_FILE_FOPS(".ns_level", 0444, &seq_ns_level_fops),
2500	AA_SFS_FILE_FOPS(".ns_name", 0444, &seq_ns_name_fops),
2501	AA_SFS_FILE_FOPS("profiles", 0444, &aa_sfs_profiles_fops),
2502	AA_SFS_FILE_FOPS("raw_data_compression_level_min", 0444, &seq_ns_compress_min_fops),
2503	AA_SFS_FILE_FOPS("raw_data_compression_level_max", 0444, &seq_ns_compress_max_fops),
2504	AA_SFS_DIR("features", aa_sfs_entry_features),
2505	{ }
2506};
2507
2508static struct aa_sfs_entry aa_sfs_entry =
2509	AA_SFS_DIR("apparmor", aa_sfs_entry_apparmor);
2510
2511/**
2512 * entry_create_file - create a file entry in the apparmor securityfs
2513 * @fs_file: aa_sfs_entry to build an entry for (NOT NULL)
2514 * @parent: the parent dentry in the securityfs
2515 *
2516 * Use entry_remove_file to remove entries created with this fn.
2517 */
2518static int __init entry_create_file(struct aa_sfs_entry *fs_file,
2519				    struct dentry *parent)
2520{
2521	int error = 0;
2522
2523	fs_file->dentry = securityfs_create_file(fs_file->name,
2524						 S_IFREG | fs_file->mode,
2525						 parent, fs_file,
2526						 fs_file->file_ops);
2527	if (IS_ERR(fs_file->dentry)) {
2528		error = PTR_ERR(fs_file->dentry);
2529		fs_file->dentry = NULL;
2530	}
2531	return error;
2532}
2533
2534static void __init entry_remove_dir(struct aa_sfs_entry *fs_dir);
2535/**
2536 * entry_create_dir - recursively create a directory entry in the securityfs
2537 * @fs_dir: aa_sfs_entry (and all child entries) to build (NOT NULL)
2538 * @parent: the parent dentry in the securityfs
2539 *
2540 * Use entry_remove_dir to remove entries created with this fn.
2541 */
2542static int __init entry_create_dir(struct aa_sfs_entry *fs_dir,
2543				   struct dentry *parent)
2544{
2545	struct aa_sfs_entry *fs_file;
2546	struct dentry *dir;
2547	int error;
2548
2549	dir = securityfs_create_dir(fs_dir->name, parent);
2550	if (IS_ERR(dir))
2551		return PTR_ERR(dir);
2552	fs_dir->dentry = dir;
2553
2554	for (fs_file = fs_dir->v.files; fs_file && fs_file->name; ++fs_file) {
2555		if (fs_file->v_type == AA_SFS_TYPE_DIR)
2556			error = entry_create_dir(fs_file, fs_dir->dentry);
2557		else
2558			error = entry_create_file(fs_file, fs_dir->dentry);
2559		if (error)
2560			goto failed;
2561	}
2562
2563	return 0;
2564
2565failed:
2566	entry_remove_dir(fs_dir);
2567
2568	return error;
2569}
2570
2571/**
2572 * entry_remove_file - drop a single file entry in the apparmor securityfs
2573 * @fs_file: aa_sfs_entry to detach from the securityfs (NOT NULL)
2574 */
2575static void __init entry_remove_file(struct aa_sfs_entry *fs_file)
2576{
2577	if (!fs_file->dentry)
2578		return;
2579
2580	securityfs_remove(fs_file->dentry);
2581	fs_file->dentry = NULL;
2582}
2583
2584/**
2585 * entry_remove_dir - recursively drop a directory entry from the securityfs
2586 * @fs_dir: aa_sfs_entry (and all child entries) to detach (NOT NULL)
2587 */
2588static void __init entry_remove_dir(struct aa_sfs_entry *fs_dir)
2589{
2590	struct aa_sfs_entry *fs_file;
2591
2592	for (fs_file = fs_dir->v.files; fs_file && fs_file->name; ++fs_file) {
2593		if (fs_file->v_type == AA_SFS_TYPE_DIR)
2594			entry_remove_dir(fs_file);
2595		else
2596			entry_remove_file(fs_file);
2597	}
2598
2599	entry_remove_file(fs_dir);
2600}
2601
2602/**
2603 * aa_destroy_aafs - cleanup and free aafs
2604 *
2605 * releases dentries allocated by aa_create_aafs
2606 */
2607void __init aa_destroy_aafs(void)
2608{
2609	entry_remove_dir(&aa_sfs_entry);
2610}
2611
2612
2613#define NULL_FILE_NAME ".null"
2614struct path aa_null;
2615
2616static int aa_mk_null_file(struct dentry *parent)
2617{
2618	struct vfsmount *mount = NULL;
2619	struct dentry *dentry;
2620	struct inode *inode;
2621	int count = 0;
2622	int error = simple_pin_fs(parent->d_sb->s_type, &mount, &count);
2623
2624	if (error)
2625		return error;
2626
2627	inode_lock(d_inode(parent));
2628	dentry = lookup_noperm(&QSTR(NULL_FILE_NAME), parent);
2629	if (IS_ERR(dentry)) {
2630		error = PTR_ERR(dentry);
2631		goto out;
2632	}
2633	inode = new_inode(parent->d_inode->i_sb);
2634	if (!inode) {
2635		error = -ENOMEM;
2636		goto out1;
2637	}
2638
2639	inode->i_ino = get_next_ino();
2640	inode->i_mode = S_IFCHR | S_IRUGO | S_IWUGO;
2641	simple_inode_init_ts(inode);
2642	init_special_inode(inode, S_IFCHR | S_IRUGO | S_IWUGO,
2643			   MKDEV(MEM_MAJOR, 3));
2644	d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
2645	aa_null.dentry = dget(dentry);
2646	aa_null.mnt = mntget(mount);
2647
2648	error = 0;
2649
2650out1:
2651	dput(dentry);
2652out:
2653	inode_unlock(d_inode(parent));
2654	simple_release_fs(&mount, &count);
2655	return error;
2656}
2657
2658
2659
2660static const char *policy_get_link(struct dentry *dentry,
2661				   struct inode *inode,
2662				   struct delayed_call *done)
2663{
2664	struct aa_ns *ns;
2665	struct path path;
2666	int error;
2667
2668	if (!dentry)
2669		return ERR_PTR(-ECHILD);
2670
2671	ns = aa_get_current_ns();
2672	path.mnt = mntget(aafs_mnt);
2673	path.dentry = dget(ns_dir(ns));
2674	error = nd_jump_link(&path);
2675	aa_put_ns(ns);
2676
2677	return ERR_PTR(error);
2678}
2679
2680static int policy_readlink(struct dentry *dentry, char __user *buffer,
2681			   int buflen)
2682{
2683	char name[32];
2684	int res;
2685
2686	res = snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "%s:[%lu]", AAFS_NAME,
2687		       d_inode(dentry)->i_ino);
2688	if (res > 0 && res < sizeof(name))
2689		res = readlink_copy(buffer, buflen, name, strlen(name));
2690	else
2691		res = -ENOENT;
2692
2693	return res;
2694}
2695
2696static const struct inode_operations policy_link_iops = {
2697	.readlink	= policy_readlink,
2698	.get_link	= policy_get_link,
2699};
2700
2701
2702/**
2703 * aa_create_aafs - create the apparmor security filesystem
2704 *
2705 * dentries created here are released by aa_destroy_aafs
2706 *
2707 * Returns: error on failure
2708 */
2709int __init aa_create_aafs(void)
2710{
2711	struct dentry *dent;
2712	int error;
2713
2714	if (!apparmor_initialized)
2715		return 0;
2716
2717	if (aa_sfs_entry.dentry) {
2718		AA_ERROR("%s: AppArmor securityfs already exists\n", __func__);
2719		return -EEXIST;
2720	}
2721
2722	/* setup apparmorfs used to virtualize policy/ */
2723	aafs_mnt = kern_mount(&aafs_ops);
2724	if (IS_ERR(aafs_mnt))
2725		panic("can't set apparmorfs up\n");
2726	aafs_mnt->mnt_sb->s_flags &= ~SB_NOUSER;
2727
2728	/* Populate fs tree. */
2729	error = entry_create_dir(&aa_sfs_entry, NULL);
2730	if (error)
2731		goto error;
2732
2733	dent = securityfs_create_file(".load", 0666, aa_sfs_entry.dentry,
2734				      NULL, &aa_fs_profile_load);
2735	if (IS_ERR(dent))
2736		goto dent_error;
2737	ns_subload(root_ns) = dent;
2738
2739	dent = securityfs_create_file(".replace", 0666, aa_sfs_entry.dentry,
2740				      NULL, &aa_fs_profile_replace);
2741	if (IS_ERR(dent))
2742		goto dent_error;
2743	ns_subreplace(root_ns) = dent;
2744
2745	dent = securityfs_create_file(".remove", 0666, aa_sfs_entry.dentry,
2746				      NULL, &aa_fs_profile_remove);
2747	if (IS_ERR(dent))
2748		goto dent_error;
2749	ns_subremove(root_ns) = dent;
2750
2751	dent = securityfs_create_file("revision", 0444, aa_sfs_entry.dentry,
2752				      NULL, &aa_fs_ns_revision_fops);
2753	if (IS_ERR(dent))
2754		goto dent_error;
2755	ns_subrevision(root_ns) = dent;
2756
2757	/* policy tree referenced by magic policy symlink */
2758	mutex_lock_nested(&root_ns->lock, root_ns->level);
2759	error = __aafs_ns_mkdir(root_ns, aafs_mnt->mnt_root, ".policy",
2760				aafs_mnt->mnt_root);
2761	mutex_unlock(&root_ns->lock);
2762	if (error)
2763		goto error;
2764
2765	/* magic symlink similar to nsfs redirects based on task policy */
2766	dent = securityfs_create_symlink("policy", aa_sfs_entry.dentry,
2767					 NULL, &policy_link_iops);
2768	if (IS_ERR(dent))
2769		goto dent_error;
2770
2771	error = aa_mk_null_file(aa_sfs_entry.dentry);
2772	if (error)
2773		goto error;
2774
2775	/* TODO: add default profile to apparmorfs */
2776
2777	/* Report that AppArmor fs is enabled */
2778	aa_info_message("AppArmor Filesystem Enabled");
2779	return 0;
2780
2781dent_error:
2782	error = PTR_ERR(dent);
2783error:
2784	aa_destroy_aafs();
2785	AA_ERROR("Error creating AppArmor securityfs\n");
2786	return error;
2787}
~/ Read-only file preview.