FILE
bmp280.h
File preview with syntax highlighting.
linux-6.19.14/drivers/iio/pressure/bmp280.h
1/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */ 2#include <linux/bitops.h> 3#include <linux/device.h> 4#include <linux/regmap.h> 5#include <linux/regulator/consumer.h> 6 7#include <linux/iio/iio.h> 8 9/* BMP580 specific registers */ 10#define BMP580_REG_CMD 0x7E 11#define BMP580_REG_EFF_OSR 0x38 12#define BMP580_REG_ODR_CONFIG 0x37 13#define BMP580_REG_OSR_CONFIG 0x36 14#define BMP580_REG_IF_CONFIG 0x13 15#define BMP580_REG_REV_ID 0x02 16#define BMP580_REG_CHIP_ID 0x01 17/* OOR allows to configure a pressure alarm */ 18#define BMP580_REG_OOR_CONFIG 0x35 19#define BMP580_REG_OOR_RANGE 0x34 20#define BMP580_REG_OOR_THR_MSB 0x33 21#define BMP580_REG_OOR_THR_LSB 0x32 22/* DSP registers (IIR filters) */ 23#define BMP580_REG_DSP_IIR 0x31 24#define BMP580_REG_DSP_CONFIG 0x30 25/* NVM access registers */ 26#define BMP580_REG_NVM_DATA_MSB 0x2D 27#define BMP580_REG_NVM_DATA_LSB 0x2C 28#define BMP580_REG_NVM_ADDR 0x2B 29/* Status registers */ 30#define BMP580_REG_STATUS 0x28 31#define BMP580_REG_INT_STATUS 0x27 32#define BMP580_REG_CHIP_STATUS 0x11 33/* Data registers */ 34#define BMP580_REG_FIFO_DATA 0x29 35#define BMP580_REG_PRESS_MSB 0x22 36#define BMP580_REG_PRESS_LSB 0x21 37#define BMP580_REG_PRESS_XLSB 0x20 38#define BMP580_REG_TEMP_MSB 0x1F 39#define BMP580_REG_TEMP_LSB 0x1E 40#define BMP580_REG_TEMP_XLSB 0x1D 41/* FIFO config registers */ 42#define BMP580_REG_FIFO_SEL 0x18 43#define BMP580_REG_FIFO_COUNT 0x17 44#define BMP580_REG_FIFO_CONFIG 0x16 45/* Interruptions config registers */ 46#define BMP580_REG_INT_SOURCE 0x15 47#define BMP580_REG_INT_CONFIG 0x14 48 49#define BMP580_CMD_NOOP 0x00 50#define BMP580_CMD_EXTMODE_SEQ_0 0x73 51#define BMP580_CMD_EXTMODE_SEQ_1 0xB4 52#define BMP580_CMD_EXTMODE_SEQ_2 0x69 53#define BMP580_CMD_NVM_OP_SEQ_0 0x5D 54#define BMP580_CMD_NVM_READ_SEQ_1 0xA5 55#define BMP580_CMD_NVM_WRITE_SEQ_1 0xA0 56#define BMP580_CMD_SOFT_RESET 0xB6 57 58#define BMP580_INT_STATUS_DRDY_MASK BIT(0) 59#define BMP580_INT_STATUS_POR_MASK BIT(4) 60 61#define BMP580_INT_SOURCE_DRDY BIT(0) 62 63#define BMP580_INT_CONFIG_MASK GENMASK(3, 0) 64#define BMP580_INT_CONFIG_LATCH BIT(0) 65#define BMP580_INT_CONFIG_LEVEL BIT(1) 66#define BMP580_INT_CONFIG_OPEN_DRAIN BIT(2) 67#define BMP580_INT_CONFIG_INT_EN BIT(3) 68 69#define BMP580_STATUS_CORE_RDY_MASK BIT(0) 70#define BMP580_STATUS_NVM_RDY_MASK BIT(1) 71#define BMP580_STATUS_NVM_ERR_MASK BIT(2) 72#define BMP580_STATUS_NVM_CMD_ERR_MASK BIT(3) 73 74#define BMP580_OSR_PRESS_MASK GENMASK(5, 3) 75#define BMP580_OSR_TEMP_MASK GENMASK(2, 0) 76#define BMP580_OSR_PRESS_EN BIT(6) 77#define BMP580_EFF_OSR_PRESS_MASK GENMASK(5, 3) 78#define BMP580_EFF_OSR_TEMP_MASK GENMASK(2, 0) 79#define BMP580_EFF_OSR_VALID_ODR BIT(7) 80 81#define BMP580_ODR_MASK GENMASK(6, 2) 82#define BMP580_MODE_MASK GENMASK(1, 0) 83#define BMP580_MODE_SLEEP 0 84#define BMP580_MODE_NORMAL 1 85#define BMP580_MODE_FORCED 2 86#define BMP580_MODE_CONTINOUS 3 87#define BMP580_ODR_DEEPSLEEP_DIS BIT(7) 88 89#define BMP580_DSP_COMP_MASK GENMASK(1, 0) 90#define BMP580_DSP_COMP_DIS 0 91#define BMP580_DSP_TEMP_COMP_EN 1 92/* 93 * In section 7.27 of datasheet, modes 2 and 3 are technically the same. 94 * Pressure compensation means also enabling temperature compensation 95 */ 96#define BMP580_DSP_PRESS_COMP_EN 2 97#define BMP580_DSP_PRESS_TEMP_COMP_EN 3 98#define BMP580_DSP_IIR_FORCED_FLUSH BIT(2) 99#define BMP580_DSP_SHDW_IIR_TEMP_EN BIT(3) 100#define BMP580_DSP_FIFO_IIR_TEMP_EN BIT(4) 101#define BMP580_DSP_SHDW_IIR_PRESS_EN BIT(5) 102#define BMP580_DSP_FIFO_IIR_PRESS_EN BIT(6) 103#define BMP580_DSP_OOR_IIR_PRESS_EN BIT(7) 104 105#define BMP580_DSP_IIR_PRESS_MASK GENMASK(5, 3) 106#define BMP580_DSP_IIR_TEMP_MASK GENMASK(2, 0) 107#define BMP580_FILTER_OFF 0 108#define BMP580_FILTER_1X 1 109#define BMP580_FILTER_3X 2 110#define BMP580_FILTER_7X 3 111#define BMP580_FILTER_15X 4 112#define BMP580_FILTER_31X 5 113#define BMP580_FILTER_63X 6 114#define BMP580_FILTER_127X 7 115 116#define BMP580_NVM_ROW_ADDR_MASK GENMASK(5, 0) 117#define BMP580_NVM_PROG_EN BIT(6) 118 119#define BMP580_TEMP_SKIPPED 0x7f7f7f 120#define BMP580_PRESS_SKIPPED 0x7f7f7f 121 122/* BMP380 specific registers */ 123#define BMP380_REG_CMD 0x7E 124#define BMP380_REG_CONFIG 0x1F 125#define BMP380_REG_ODR 0x1D 126#define BMP380_REG_OSR 0x1C 127#define BMP380_REG_POWER_CONTROL 0x1B 128#define BMP380_REG_IF_CONFIG 0x1A 129#define BMP380_REG_INT_CONTROL 0x19 130#define BMP380_REG_INT_STATUS 0x11 131#define BMP380_REG_EVENT 0x10 132#define BMP380_REG_STATUS 0x03 133#define BMP380_REG_ERROR 0x02 134#define BMP380_REG_ID 0x00 135 136#define BMP380_REG_FIFO_CONFIG_1 0x18 137#define BMP380_REG_FIFO_CONFIG_2 0x17 138#define BMP380_REG_FIFO_WATERMARK_MSB 0x16 139#define BMP380_REG_FIFO_WATERMARK_LSB 0x15 140#define BMP380_REG_FIFO_DATA 0x14 141#define BMP380_REG_FIFO_LENGTH_MSB 0x13 142#define BMP380_REG_FIFO_LENGTH_LSB 0x12 143 144#define BMP380_REG_SENSOR_TIME_MSB 0x0E 145#define BMP380_REG_SENSOR_TIME_LSB 0x0D 146#define BMP380_REG_SENSOR_TIME_XLSB 0x0C 147 148#define BMP380_REG_TEMP_MSB 0x09 149#define BMP380_REG_TEMP_LSB 0x08 150#define BMP380_REG_TEMP_XLSB 0x07 151 152#define BMP380_REG_PRESS_MSB 0x06 153#define BMP380_REG_PRESS_LSB 0x05 154#define BMP380_REG_PRESS_XLSB 0x04 155 156#define BMP380_REG_CALIB_TEMP_START 0x31 157#define BMP380_CALIB_REG_COUNT 21 158 159#define BMP380_FILTER_MASK GENMASK(3, 1) 160#define BMP380_FILTER_OFF 0 161#define BMP380_FILTER_1X 1 162#define BMP380_FILTER_3X 2 163#define BMP380_FILTER_7X 3 164#define BMP380_FILTER_15X 4 165#define BMP380_FILTER_31X 5 166#define BMP380_FILTER_63X 6 167#define BMP380_FILTER_127X 7 168 169#define BMP380_OSRS_TEMP_MASK GENMASK(5, 3) 170#define BMP380_OSRS_PRESS_MASK GENMASK(2, 0) 171 172#define BMP380_ODRS_MASK GENMASK(4, 0) 173 174#define BMP380_CTRL_SENSORS_MASK GENMASK(1, 0) 175#define BMP380_CTRL_SENSORS_PRESS_EN BIT(0) 176#define BMP380_CTRL_SENSORS_TEMP_EN BIT(1) 177#define BMP380_MODE_MASK GENMASK(5, 4) 178#define BMP380_MODE_SLEEP 0 179#define BMP380_MODE_FORCED 1 180#define BMP380_MODE_NORMAL 3 181 182#define BMP380_MEAS_OFFSET 234 183#define BMP380_MEAS_DUR 2020 184#define BMP380_TEMP_MEAS_OFFSET 163 185#define BMP380_PRESS_MEAS_OFFSET 392 186 187#define BMP380_INT_STATUS_DRDY BIT(3) 188 189#define BMP380_INT_CTRL_SETTINGS_MASK GENMASK(2, 0) 190#define BMP380_INT_CTRL_OPEN_DRAIN BIT(0) 191#define BMP380_INT_CTRL_LEVEL BIT(1) 192#define BMP380_INT_CTRL_LATCH BIT(2) 193#define BMP380_INT_CTRL_DRDY_EN BIT(6) 194 195#define BMP380_MIN_TEMP -4000 196#define BMP380_MAX_TEMP 8500 197#define BMP380_MIN_PRES 3000000 198#define BMP380_MAX_PRES 12500000 199 200#define BMP380_CMD_NOOP 0x00 201#define BMP380_CMD_EXTMODE_EN_MID 0x34 202#define BMP380_CMD_FIFO_FLUSH 0xB0 203#define BMP380_CMD_SOFT_RESET 0xB6 204 205#define BMP380_STATUS_CMD_RDY_MASK BIT(4) 206#define BMP380_STATUS_DRDY_PRESS_MASK BIT(5) 207#define BMP380_STATUS_DRDY_TEMP_MASK BIT(6) 208 209#define BMP380_ERR_FATAL_MASK BIT(0) 210#define BMP380_ERR_CMD_MASK BIT(1) 211#define BMP380_ERR_CONF_MASK BIT(2) 212 213#define BMP380_TEMP_SKIPPED 0x800000 214#define BMP380_PRESS_SKIPPED 0x800000 215 216/* BMP280 specific registers */ 217#define BMP280_REG_TEMP_XLSB 0xFC 218#define BMP280_REG_TEMP_LSB 0xFB 219#define BMP280_REG_TEMP_MSB 0xFA 220#define BMP280_REG_PRESS_XLSB 0xF9 221#define BMP280_REG_PRESS_LSB 0xF8 222#define BMP280_REG_PRESS_MSB 0xF7 223 224/* Helper mask to truncate excess 4 bits on pressure and temp readings */ 225#define BMP280_MEAS_TRIM_MASK GENMASK(24, 4) 226 227#define BMP280_REG_CONFIG 0xF5 228#define BMP280_REG_CTRL_MEAS 0xF4 229#define BMP280_REG_STATUS 0xF3 230#define BMP280_REG_STATUS_IM_UPDATE BIT(0) 231#define BMP280_REG_STATUS_MEAS_BIT BIT(3) 232#define BMP280_REG_RESET 0xE0 233#define BMP280_RST_SOFT_CMD 0xB6 234 235#define BMP280_REG_COMP_TEMP_START 0x88 236#define BMP280_COMP_TEMP_REG_COUNT 6 237 238#define BMP280_REG_COMP_PRESS_START 0x8E 239#define BMP280_COMP_PRESS_REG_COUNT 18 240 241#define BMP280_CONTIGUOUS_CALIB_REGS (BMP280_COMP_TEMP_REG_COUNT + \ 242 BMP280_COMP_PRESS_REG_COUNT) 243 244#define BMP280_FILTER_MASK GENMASK(4, 2) 245#define BMP280_FILTER_OFF 0 246#define BMP280_FILTER_2X 1 247#define BMP280_FILTER_4X 2 248#define BMP280_FILTER_8X 3 249#define BMP280_FILTER_16X 4 250 251#define BMP280_OSRS_TEMP_MASK GENMASK(7, 5) 252#define BMP280_OSRS_TEMP_SKIP 0 253#define BMP280_OSRS_TEMP_1X 1 254#define BMP280_OSRS_TEMP_2X 2 255#define BMP280_OSRS_TEMP_4X 3 256#define BMP280_OSRS_TEMP_8X 4 257#define BMP280_OSRS_TEMP_16X 5 258 259#define BMP280_OSRS_PRESS_MASK GENMASK(4, 2) 260#define BMP280_OSRS_PRESS_SKIP 0 261#define BMP280_OSRS_PRESS_1X 1 262#define BMP280_OSRS_PRESS_2X 2 263#define BMP280_OSRS_PRESS_4X 3 264#define BMP280_OSRS_PRESS_8X 4 265#define BMP280_OSRS_PRESS_16X 5 266 267#define BMP280_MODE_MASK GENMASK(1, 0) 268#define BMP280_MODE_SLEEP 0 269#define BMP280_MODE_FORCED 1 270#define BMP280_MODE_NORMAL 3 271 272#define BMP280_MEAS_OFFSET 1250 273#define BMP280_MEAS_DUR 2300 274#define BMP280_PRESS_HUMID_MEAS_OFFSET 575 275 276/* BME280 specific registers */ 277#define BME280_REG_HUMIDITY_LSB 0xFE 278#define BME280_REG_HUMIDITY_MSB 0xFD 279 280#define BME280_REG_CTRL_HUMIDITY 0xF2 281 282/* Due to non linear mapping, and data sizes we can't do a bulk read */ 283#define BME280_REG_COMP_H1 0xA1 284#define BME280_REG_COMP_H2 0xE1 285#define BME280_REG_COMP_H3 0xE3 286#define BME280_REG_COMP_H4 0xE4 287#define BME280_REG_COMP_H5 0xE5 288#define BME280_REG_COMP_H6 0xE7 289 290#define BME280_COMP_H4_GET_MASK_UP GENMASK(15, 8) 291#define BME280_COMP_H4_PREP_MASK_UP GENMASK(11, 4) 292#define BME280_COMP_H4_MASK_LOW GENMASK(3, 0) 293#define BME280_COMP_H5_MASK GENMASK(15, 4) 294 295#define BME280_CONTIGUOUS_CALIB_REGS 7 296 297#define BME280_OSRS_HUMIDITY_MASK GENMASK(2, 0) 298#define BME280_OSRS_HUMIDITY_SKIP 0 299#define BME280_OSRS_HUMIDITY_1X 1 300#define BME280_OSRS_HUMIDITY_2X 2 301#define BME280_OSRS_HUMIDITY_4X 3 302#define BME280_OSRS_HUMIDITY_8X 4 303#define BME280_OSRS_HUMIDITY_16X 5 304 305/* BMP180 specific registers */ 306#define BMP180_REG_OUT_XLSB 0xF8 307#define BMP180_REG_OUT_LSB 0xF7 308#define BMP180_REG_OUT_MSB 0xF6 309 310#define BMP180_REG_CALIB_START 0xAA 311#define BMP180_REG_CALIB_COUNT 22 312 313#define BMP180_MEAS_CTRL_MASK GENMASK(4, 0) 314#define BMP180_MEAS_TEMP 0x0E 315#define BMP180_MEAS_PRESS 0x14 316#define BMP180_MEAS_SCO BIT(5) 317#define BMP180_OSRS_PRESS_MASK GENMASK(7, 6) 318#define BMP180_MEAS_PRESS_1X 0 319#define BMP180_MEAS_PRESS_2X 1 320#define BMP180_MEAS_PRESS_4X 2 321#define BMP180_MEAS_PRESS_8X 3 322 323/* BMP180 and BMP280 common registers */ 324#define BMP280_REG_CTRL_MEAS 0xF4 325#define BMP280_REG_RESET 0xE0 326#define BMP280_REG_ID 0xD0 327 328#define BMP380_CHIP_ID 0x50 329#define BMP580_CHIP_ID 0x50 330#define BMP580_CHIP_ID_ALT 0x51 331#define BMP180_CHIP_ID 0x55 332#define BMP280_CHIP_ID 0x58 333#define BMP390_CHIP_ID 0x60 334#define BME280_CHIP_ID 0x60 335#define BMP280_SOFT_RESET_VAL 0xB6 336 337/* BMP280 register skipped special values */ 338#define BMP280_TEMP_SKIPPED 0x80000 339#define BMP280_PRESS_SKIPPED 0x80000 340#define BMP280_HUMIDITY_SKIPPED 0x8000 341 342/* Number of bytes for each value */ 343#define BMP280_NUM_PRESS_BYTES 3 344#define BMP280_NUM_TEMP_BYTES 3 345#define BME280_NUM_HUMIDITY_BYTES 2 346#define BMP280_BURST_READ_BYTES (BMP280_NUM_PRESS_BYTES + \ 347 BMP280_NUM_TEMP_BYTES) 348#define BME280_BURST_READ_BYTES (BMP280_NUM_PRESS_BYTES + \ 349 BMP280_NUM_TEMP_BYTES + \ 350 BME280_NUM_HUMIDITY_BYTES) 351 352/* Core exported structs */ 353 354static const char *const bmp280_supply_names[] = { 355 "vddd", "vdda" 356}; 357 358#define BMP280_NUM_SUPPLIES ARRAY_SIZE(bmp280_supply_names) 359 360struct bmp180_calib { 361 s16 AC1; 362 s16 AC2; 363 s16 AC3; 364 u16 AC4; 365 u16 AC5; 366 u16 AC6; 367 s16 B1; 368 s16 B2; 369 s16 MB; 370 s16 MC; 371 s16 MD; 372}; 373 374/* See datasheet Section 4.2.2. */ 375struct bmp280_calib { 376 u16 T1; 377 s16 T2; 378 s16 T3; 379 u16 P1; 380 s16 P2; 381 s16 P3; 382 s16 P4; 383 s16 P5; 384 s16 P6; 385 s16 P7; 386 s16 P8; 387 s16 P9; 388 u8 H1; 389 s16 H2; 390 u8 H3; 391 s16 H4; 392 s16 H5; 393 s8 H6; 394}; 395 396/* See datasheet Section 3.11.1. */ 397struct bmp380_calib { 398 u16 T1; 399 u16 T2; 400 s8 T3; 401 s16 P1; 402 s16 P2; 403 s8 P3; 404 s8 P4; 405 u16 P5; 406 u16 P6; 407 s8 P7; 408 s8 P8; 409 s16 P9; 410 s8 P10; 411 s8 P11; 412}; 413 414enum bmp280_op_mode { 415 BMP280_SLEEP, 416 BMP280_FORCED, 417 BMP280_NORMAL, 418}; 419 420struct bmp280_data { 421 struct device *dev; 422 struct mutex lock; 423 struct regmap *regmap; 424 struct completion done; 425 bool use_eoc; 426 bool trig_open_drain; 427 bool trig_active_high; 428 struct iio_trigger *trig; 429 const struct bmp280_chip_info *chip_info; 430 union { 431 struct bmp180_calib bmp180; 432 struct bmp280_calib bmp280; 433 struct bmp380_calib bmp380; 434 } calib; 435 struct regulator_bulk_data supplies[BMP280_NUM_SUPPLIES]; 436 unsigned int start_up_time_us; 437 438 /* log of base 2 of oversampling rate */ 439 u8 oversampling_press; 440 u8 oversampling_temp; 441 u8 oversampling_humid; 442 u8 iir_filter_coeff; 443 444 /* 445 * BMP380 devices introduce sampling frequency configuration. See 446 * datasheet sections 3.3.3. and 4.3.19 for more details. 447 * 448 * BMx280 devices allowed indirect configuration of sampling frequency 449 * changing the t_standby duration between measurements, as detailed on 450 * section 3.6.3 of the datasheet. 451 */ 452 int sampling_freq; 453 454 /* Value to hold the current operation mode of the device */ 455 enum bmp280_op_mode op_mode; 456 457 /* 458 * DMA (thus cache coherency maintenance) may require the 459 * transfer buffers to live in their own cache lines. 460 */ 461 union { 462 /* Sensor data buffer */ 463 u8 buf[BME280_BURST_READ_BYTES]; 464 /* Calibration data buffers */ 465 __le16 bmp280_cal_buf[BMP280_CONTIGUOUS_CALIB_REGS / sizeof(__le16)]; 466 __be16 bmp180_cal_buf[BMP180_REG_CALIB_COUNT / sizeof(__be16)]; 467 u8 bme280_humid_cal_buf[BME280_CONTIGUOUS_CALIB_REGS]; 468 u8 bmp380_cal_buf[BMP380_CALIB_REG_COUNT]; 469 /* Miscellaneous, endianness-aware data buffers */ 470 __le16 le16; 471 __be16 be16; 472 } __aligned(IIO_DMA_MINALIGN); 473}; 474 475struct bmp280_chip_info { 476 unsigned int id_reg; 477 const u8 *chip_id; 478 int num_chip_id; 479 480 const struct regmap_config *regmap_config; 481 bool spi_read_extra_byte; 482 483 const struct iio_chan_spec *channels; 484 int num_channels; 485 unsigned int start_up_time_us; 486 const unsigned long *avail_scan_masks; 487 488 const int *oversampling_temp_avail; 489 int num_oversampling_temp_avail; 490 int oversampling_temp_default; 491 492 const int *oversampling_press_avail; 493 int num_oversampling_press_avail; 494 int oversampling_press_default; 495 496 const int *oversampling_humid_avail; 497 int num_oversampling_humid_avail; 498 int oversampling_humid_default; 499 500 const int *iir_filter_coeffs_avail; 501 int num_iir_filter_coeffs_avail; 502 int iir_filter_coeff_default; 503 504 const int (*sampling_freq_avail)[2]; 505 int num_sampling_freq_avail; 506 int sampling_freq_default; 507 508 const int *temp_coeffs; 509 const int temp_coeffs_type; 510 const int *press_coeffs; 511 const int press_coeffs_type; 512 const int *humid_coeffs; 513 const int humid_coeffs_type; 514 515 int (*chip_config)(struct bmp280_data *data); 516 int (*read_temp)(struct bmp280_data *data, s32 *adc_temp); 517 int (*read_press)(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 *adc_press); 518 int (*read_humid)(struct bmp280_data *data, u32 *adc_humidity); 519 int (*read_calib)(struct bmp280_data *data); 520 int (*preinit)(struct bmp280_data *data); 521 int (*set_mode)(struct bmp280_data *data, enum bmp280_op_mode mode); 522 int (*wait_conv)(struct bmp280_data *data); 523 524 int (*trigger_probe)(struct iio_dev *indio_dev); 525 irqreturn_t (*trigger_handler)(int irq, void *p); 526}; 527 528/* Chip infos for each variant */ 529extern const struct bmp280_chip_info bmp085_chip_info; 530extern const struct bmp280_chip_info bmp180_chip_info; 531extern const struct bmp280_chip_info bmp280_chip_info; 532extern const struct bmp280_chip_info bme280_chip_info; 533extern const struct bmp280_chip_info bmp380_chip_info; 534extern const struct bmp280_chip_info bmp580_chip_info; 535 536/* Regmap configurations */ 537extern const struct regmap_config bmp180_regmap_config; 538extern const struct regmap_config bmp280_regmap_config; 539extern const struct regmap_config bme280_regmap_config; 540extern const struct regmap_config bmp380_regmap_config; 541extern const struct regmap_config bmp580_regmap_config; 542 543/* Probe called from different transports */ 544int bmp280_common_probe(struct device *dev, 545 struct regmap *regmap, 546 const struct bmp280_chip_info *chip_info, 547 const char *name, 548 int irq); 549 550/* PM ops */ 551extern const struct dev_pm_ops bmp280_dev_pm_ops;
~/
Read-only file preview.